Every life matters. The work is urgent.

OUR GREAT WORK
IS NOT OVER.

Zero suicide. Zero needless suffering. Zero poverty.
Every country still has work to do.

Find the work we can do now ↓

Next death · average-rate clock01:50.96minutes:seconds remaining in this repeating cycle

One death every 110.95 seconds on average.

EVERY LIFE COUNTSAverage-rate illustration
Not a live report

Next suicide · average-rate clock3:08:44.25hours:minutes:seconds remaining in this repeating cycle

One death every 11,324.25 seconds on average.

EVERY LIFE COUNTSAverage-rate illustration
Not a live report

Published average intervals; enable JavaScript for repeating countdowns.

North Korea · WHO 2023 · 1/1 countries. Annual totals ÷ seconds in the source year set the rate. These are illustrative averages, not real-time death reports or predictions. The death clock includes all causes, including deaths that cannot currently be prevented. Sources & calculation ↗

East Asia & Pacific · UN member

North KoreaPRKA healthier future.

North Korea’s health dashboard connects the latest available evidence with a shared horizon: zero suicide, zero needless suffering, zero poverty, and longer healthy lives.

Provider profile: Korea, Dem. People's Rep.. Country identity follows the atlas roster.

Also searchable as DPRK, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

North-star health score · v2—

Required recent goal or foundation data missing

Life expectancy73.7

Years · 2024

Healthy life expectancy63

Years · 2023

Indicator coverage43 / 52

Dated numerical series · 0 source-context notes.

Inspect North Korea’s score components

Version 2 is a deliberately demanding editorial measure of distance to the north stars, not an official WHO/UN index or the percentage of people who are healthy. Strong services cannot cancel out ongoing suicide, health loss, or extreme poverty. At least 9 of 12 core measures and all three recent zero-harm inputs are required. Missing inputs suppress the final score, rather than implying success. Health loss is a proxy broader than avoidable suffering; the $3.00/day measure covers extreme poverty, not every form of deprivation. Lower scores under this new method are a recalibration, not evidence of deterioration.

Measure	Year	Value	Foundation component score
Life expectancy	2024	73.7	59.4
Under-five mortality	2024	16.7	83.3
Maternal mortality	2023	67	86.6
Suicide mortality	2021	9.3	62.8
Premature chronic-disease mortality	2021	23.7	32.3
Essential health-service coverage	2023	77	77
DTP immunization	2024	99	99
Safely managed drinking water	2023	66.6	66.6
Fine-particle air pollution	2023	21.8	69.5

Zero suicide

10.54 deaths per 100,000 people · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.322

Zero needless suffering

0.406 DALYs per person; health-loss proxy · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.198

Zero poverty

Recent comparable input missing

Final score withheld

A deliberately demanding measure of distance to the goals. Version 2 changes the method, not the underlying observations. Health loss is not all needless suffering; the poverty input measures extreme poverty. See the formula and limits ↗

Explore 52 indicators ↓The action agenda ↗

The human stakes

More life.
Less suffering.

Choose a reduction in the measured annual burden. This is a transparent scenario, not a forecast that completing a checklist will deliver it.

Illustrative reduction 25%

0%50%100% theoretical ceiling

Annual deaths avoided71.1K

Of 284.2K deaths in the covered population.

Years of life restored1.9M

Years lost to premature mortality (YLL).

Health loss diminished805K

Disability-weighted years (YLD), a health-loss measure.

Healthy life-years reclaimed2.7M

YLL + YLD = DALYs. 33.5K equivalent 80-year healthy lifetimes.

North Korea · 2023

WHO modeled all-cause estimates; same release and reference year. These four measures overlap and must not be added. DALYs quantify health loss, not every form of suffering. An equivalent lifetime is a unit conversion, not a person saved. All-cause deaths include deaths that cannot currently be prevented; 100% is an arithmetic ceiling.

See the calculation and its limits ↗

North Korea · the evidence

The trends.
The north stars.

Mint traces measured observations. Gold marks numerical goals. Lines connect available observations, which can be years apart. Non-numerical goals are explained in each card. Historical figures, model caveats and source-backed status notes stay visible. A gap is an invitation to improve measurement.

Find an indicator

52 indicators

outcomes2024

Life expectancy

73.7 years

North star

90 years of life, with health and dignity

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Expected lifespan at birth under the year’s mortality patterns.

Source, limitations & data

Period measure, not a prediction for an individual. National averages conceal inequalities.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.DYN.LE00.IN ↗

Life expectancy observations for North Korea
Year	years
2024	73.7
2023	73.6
2022	73.6
2021	73.4
2020	72.8
2019	72.9
2018	73
2017	73
2016	73
2015	72.8
2014	72.5
2013	71.9
2012	71.3
2011	70.8
2010	70.2
2009	69.7
2008	69.3
2007	69
2006	69.1
2005	69.2
2004	69.3
2003	69.4
2002	60.9
2001	60.9
2000	60.9

burden2023

Healthy life expectancy

63 years

North star

80 years lived in full health

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Expected years lived in full health at birth under current mortality and morbidity patterns.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled HALE estimates incorporate severity weights. This is not a measure of happiness or all suffering.

World Health Organization · WHOSIS_000002 ↗

Healthy life expectancy observations for North Korea
Year	years
2023	63
2022	62.4
2021	63.3
2020	64
2019	63.5
2018	63.4
2017	63.4
2016	63.1
2015	63
2014	62.8
2013	62.5
2012	62.2
2011	62
2010	61.8
2009	61.7
2008	61.6
2007	61.5
2006	61.4
2005	61.4
2004	61.3
2003	61.1
2002	56.4
2001	56.2
2000	56.1

outcomes2024

Under-five mortality

16.7 per 1,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable child deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030: at most 25 per 1,000 · Interim target ↗

Probability of dying before age five, per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled UN inter-agency estimate. Infant and neonatal deaths are included; never add these counts.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.MORT ↗

Under-five mortality observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 live births
2024	16.7
2023	18
2022	17.7
2021	17.4
2020	17.4
2019	17.7
2018	18.4
2017	19.1
2016	20.6
2015	21.4
2014	22.6
2013	24.1
2012	25.7
2011	27.2
2010	28.7
2009	30
2008	31
2007	32.4
2006	32.8
2005	33.3
2004	33.8
2003	34.5
2002	97.8
2001	99
2000	100.2

outcomes2024

Infant mortality

13.3 per 1,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable infant deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Probability of dying before age one, per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

A subset of under-five mortality; not additive with child or neonatal deaths.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.DYN.IMRT.IN ↗

Infant mortality observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 live births
2024	13.3
2023	14.5
2022	14.3
2021	14.1
2020	14.1
2019	14.3
2018	14.8
2017	15.4
2016	16.5
2015	17.2
2014	18.2
2013	19.3
2012	20.6
2011	21.7
2010	22.9
2009	23.9
2008	24.7
2007	25.6
2006	25.9
2005	26.3
2004	26.8
2003	27.3
2002	57.7
2001	58.6
2000	59.4

outcomes2024

Neonatal mortality

8.9 per 1,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable newborn deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030: at most 12 per 1,000 · Interim target ↗

Deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

A subset of infant and under-five mortality; these are overlapping categories.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.NMRT ↗

Neonatal mortality observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 live births
2024	8.9
2023	9.7
2022	9.5
2021	9.4
2020	9.3
2019	9.5
2018	9.9
2017	10.2
2016	11
2015	11.4
2014	12.1
2013	12.9
2012	13.8
2011	14.6
2010	15.4
2009	16.1
2008	16.7
2007	17.4
2006	17.7
2005	18
2004	18.2
2003	18.6
2002	23.2
2001	23.5
2000	23.8

outcomes2023

Maternal mortality

67 per 100,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable maternal deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030 global ratio: below 70 · Interim target ↗

Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled estimate with uncertainty. The denominator is births, not total population.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.MMRT ↗

Maternal mortality observations for North Korea
Year	per 100,000 live births
2023	67
2022	67
2021	72
2020	66
2019	66
2018	69
2017	70
2016	71
2015	72
2014	73
2013	75
2012	76
2011	76
2010	77
2009	78
2008	79
2007	80
2006	80
2005	78
2004	77
2003	76
2002	131
2001	130
2000	129

outcomes2021

Suicide mortality

9.3 per 100,000 people

North star

Zero suicide deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled crude rate, not age-standardized. Reporting and classification differ; lower reported rates can reflect undercounting.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.SUIC.P5 ↗

Suicide mortality observations for North Korea
Year	per 100,000 people
2021	9.3
2020	9.3
2019	10.1
2018	9.8
2017	10.2
2016	10.7
2015	10.7
2014	10.3
2013	10.2
2012	10
2011	10
2010	9.8
2009	9.4
2008	9.2
2007	8.6
2006	8.3
2005	8.2
2004	8.3
2003	8.3
2002	8.5
2001	8.5
2000	8.6

outcomes2019

Road-traffic mortality

24.2 per 100,000 people

North star

Zero deaths and serious injuries on the roads

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated annual deaths from road-traffic injuries per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Population-based WHO rate, not deaths per distance travelled.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.TRAF.P5 ↗

Road-traffic mortality observations for North Korea
Year	per 100,000 people
2019	24.2
2018	24.1
2017	23.8
2016	24.1
2015	23.5
2014	23.5
2013	23.2
2012	23.3
2011	23.5
2010	23.3
2009	23.4
2008	23.7
2007	23.7
2006	23.2
2005	22.6
2004	22.7
2003	23
2002	22.5
2001	22.3
2000	22.7

outcomes2021

Intentional homicide

4.1 per 100,000 people

WHO modeled homicide estimates

North star

Zero intentional homicides

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 people.

Source, limitations & data

UNODC-based estimates. Reporting and conflict-death definitions vary.

WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.

Shown series: World Health Organization · WHO modeled homicide estimates ↗

Definition & methodology ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-06

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 ↗

Intentional homicide observations for North Korea
Year	per 100,000 people	Source note / interval
2021	4.1	Source interval 1.86–7.94. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2020	4.2	Source interval 1.88–8.04. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2019	4.2	Source interval 1.91–8.1. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2018	4.3	Source interval 1.93–8.21. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2017	4.3	Source interval 1.99–8.3. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2016	4.4	Source interval 1.99–8.32. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2015	4.4	Source interval 2–8.48. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2014	4.5	Source interval 2.03–8.61. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2013	4.5	Source interval 2.04–8.79. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2012	4.6	Source interval 2.06–8.92. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2011	4.7	Source interval 2.1–9.04. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2010	4.7	Source interval 2.14–9.09. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2009	4.8	Source interval 2.2–9.09. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2008	4.9	Source interval 2.24–9.1. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2007	4.9	Source interval 2.26–9.01. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2006	4.8	Source interval 2.2–8.91. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2005	4.8	Source interval 2.21–9.01. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2004	4.9	Source interval 2.29–9.11. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2003	5.1	Source interval 2.37–9.45. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2002	5.3	Source interval 2.44–9.69. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2001	5.5	Source interval 2.55–10.09. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.
2000	6	Source interval 2.79–11.06. WHO model, both sexes, all ages; 2000–2021. Uses death registration, UNODC and GBD inputs; differs from the UNODC administrative series used elsewhere. Do not treat cross-source differences as changes in crime.

outcomes2021

Premature chronic-disease mortality

23.7 % probability ages 30–70

North star

End avoidable premature deaths from major chronic diseases

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Probability of dying between ages 30 and 70 from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease.

Source, limitations & data

Not a death rate or all chronic diseases. Cannot multiply by population to produce annual deaths.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.NCOM.ZS ↗

Premature chronic-disease mortality observations for North Korea
Year	% probability ages 30–70
2021	23.7
2020	24.3
2019	24.6
2018	24.6
2017	25.5
2016	26.5
2015	27
2014	26.8
2013	26.8
2012	26.7
2011	26.9
2010	26.7
2009	26.3
2008	26
2007	25.1
2006	24.1
2005	24.2
2004	24.2
2003	24.2
2002	24.3
2001	23.7
2000	23.8

burden2023

Healthy life-years lost

10,715,496 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

DALYs combine years lost to premature mortality and severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss.

Source, limitations & data

DALY = YLL + YLD. A burden baseline, not proof that all loss can be avoided; not an estimate of all human suffering.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Healthy life-years lost observations for North Korea
Year	healthy life-years
2023	10,715,496
2022	11,180,873
2021	10,319,822
2020	9,691,846
2019	9,940,928
2015	9,659,815
2010	9,573,836
2000	11,957,140

burden2023

Life-years lost to premature death

7,495,595 life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO years of life lost (YLL) relative to its reference life table.

Source, limitations & data

Different from number of people dying; one death can account for many life-years.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Life-years lost to premature death observations for North Korea
Year	life-years
2023	7,495,595
2022	8,013,703
2021	7,207,916
2020	6,608,856
2019	6,921,799
2015	6,801,128
2010	6,918,423
2000	9,590,278

burden2023

Years of nonfatal health loss

3,219,900 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Severity-weighted years lived with disease or disability (YLD), adjusted for comorbidity by the source.

Source, limitations & data

A health-loss proxy, not a valuation of people with disabilities or a direct measure of distress, poverty, or all suffering.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Years of nonfatal health loss observations for North Korea
Year	healthy life-years
2023	3,219,900
2022	3,167,169
2021	3,111,906
2020	3,082,990
2019	3,019,129
2015	2,858,687
2010	2,655,413
2000	2,366,861

outcomes2023

All-cause deaths

284,226 deaths

North star

Prevent avoidable deaths and extend healthy life

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

WHO estimated all-cause deaths in the reference year.

Source, limitations & data

Deaths are a baseline; no programme can be assumed to eliminate all mortality.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

All-cause deaths observations for North Korea
Year	deaths
2023	284,226
2022	304,527
2021	273,434
2020	249,146
2019	247,654
2015	231,622
2010	222,209
2000	217,044

outcomes2023

Suicide deaths

2,785 deaths

North star

Zero suicide deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO estimated deaths from intentional self-harm, both sexes and all ages.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled cause-specific estimate; reporting and classification can undercount suicide. Included in all-cause deaths; never add it again.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Suicide deaths observations for North Korea
Year	deaths
2023	2,785
2022	2,923
2021	3,123
2020	3,087
2019	3,067
2015	2,950
2010	2,974
2000	2,862

burden2023

Depressive-disorder health loss

183,409 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from depressive disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not case counts or direct distress. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Depressive-disorder health loss observations for North Korea
Year	healthy life-years
2023	183,409
2022	181,168
2021	170,977
2020	172,827
2019	158,015
2015	133,614
2010	117,668
2000	98,303

burden2023

Anxiety-disorder health loss

127,605 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from anxiety disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not case counts. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Anxiety-disorder health loss observations for North Korea
Year	healthy life-years
2023	127,605
2022	116,399
2021	106,880
2020	110,496
2019	91,995
2015	83,458
2010	76,783
2000	73,608

burden2023

Alcohol-disorder health loss

40,955 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from alcohol use disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD. Alcohol-related injuries and other disease burdens sit in other categories; included in total YLD.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Alcohol-disorder health loss observations for North Korea
Year	healthy life-years
2023	40,955
2022	41,194
2021	41,204
2020	41,183
2019	41,044
2015	40,279
2010	38,283
2000	33,884

burden2023

Drug-disorder health loss

23,034 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from drug use disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not overdose deaths. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Drug-disorder health loss observations for North Korea
Year	healthy life-years
2023	23,034
2022	23,202
2021	22,914
2020	22,805
2019	22,835
2015	22,663
2010	21,943
2000	22,017

diseaseDATA GAP

Tuberculosis incidence

— per 100,000 people

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

End tuberculosis

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated new and relapsed tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled incidence includes uncertainty; not the number of reported diagnoses.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.TBS.INCD ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Tuberculosis incidence observations for North Korea
Year	per 100,000 people

diseaseDATA GAP

New HIV infections

— per 1,000 uninfected ages 15–49

○

No matching rate for uninfected adults ages 15–49 was found. All-age rates and reported diagnoses use different measures.

North star

Zero new HIV infections

Unified Nations aspirational north star

New HIV infections among uninfected adults ages 15–49.

Source, limitations & data

Denominator is uninfected adults in this age group, not the whole population.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.HIV.INCD.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

New HIV infections observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 uninfected ages 15–49

disease2024

Malaria incidence

0.5 per 1,000 at risk

North star

End malaria

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated new malaria cases per 1,000 people at risk.

Source, limitations & data

At-risk population differs from total population. No observation is not zero or proof of elimination.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MLR.INCD.P3 ↗

Malaria incidence observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 at risk
2024	0.5
2023	0.3
2022	0.2
2021	0.2
2020	0.2
2019	0.2
2018	0.4
2017	0.5
2016	0.5
2015	0.7
2014	1.1
2013	1.5
2012	2.2
2011	1.7
2010	1.4
2009	1.5
2008	1.7
2007	0.5
2006	0.7
2005	0.7
2004	1.7
2003	1.8
2002	10.6
2001	12.4
2000	9.8

disease2024

Diabetes prevalence

9.9 % ages 20–79

North star

Prevent avoidable diabetes and support everyone living with it

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Share of adults ages 20–79 living with diabetes.

Source, limitations & data

A modeled prevalence estimate; diagnosis, treatment, and control matter alongside prevention.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.DIAB.ZS ↗

Diabetes prevalence observations for North Korea
Year	% ages 20–79
2024	9.9
2011	8.4

disease2024

Tobacco use

15.6 % adults 15+

North star

A tobacco-free future

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use in adults.

Source, limitations & data

Includes smoked and smokeless tobacco as defined by the source; a modeled estimate.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.PRV.SMOK ↗

Tobacco use observations for North Korea
Year	% adults 15+
2024	15.6
2023	16
2022	16.4
2020	17.4
2015	19.9
2010	23
2007	25.2
2005	26.8
2000	30.6

disease2020

Alcohol consumption

3.9 litres pure alcohol per adult 15+

North star

Minimize alcohol-related harm

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Annual total alcohol consumption per person age 15+.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled/projected estimate includes recorded and estimated unrecorded consumption, adjusted for tourism; not a measure of distribution or dependence.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.ALC.PCAP.LI ↗

Alcohol consumption observations for North Korea
Year	litres pure alcohol per adult 15+
2020	3.9
2019	4.3
2018	4.3
2017	4.4
2016	4.4
2015	4.5
2014	4.5
2013	4.5
2012	4.5
2011	4.5
2010	4.4
2009	4.3
2008	4.1
2007	4.1
2006	4.1
2005	4.1
2004	4
2003	4
2002	3.8
2001	3.9
2000	3.9

disease2017

Child stunting

19.1 % children under 5

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Zero child stunting

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five with low height for age relative to the WHO growth standard.

Source, limitations & data

Survey and modeled series vary; reflects cumulative deprivation, not every cause of poor nutrition.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.STNT.ZS ↗

Child stunting observations for North Korea
Year	% children under 5
2017	19.1
2012	27.9
2009	32.4
2004	43.1
2002	44.7
2000	51

disease2017

Child wasting

2.5 % children under 5

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Zero child wasting

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five with low weight for height relative to the WHO growth standard.

Source, limitations & data

Sparse household surveys; a national observation can miss local or seasonal emergencies.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.WAST.ZS ↗

Child wasting observations for North Korea
Year	% children under 5
2017	2.5
2012	4
2009	5.2
2004	8.5
2002	8.7
2000	12.2

disease2018

Undernourishment

47 % of population

North star

Zero hunger

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of people with insufficient dietary energy intake.

Source, limitations & data

FAO modeled estimate; values below 2.5% may be censored in source presentation.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS ↗

Undernourishment observations for North Korea
Year	% of population
2018	47
2017	47.5
2016	46
2015	45.2
2014	44.5
2013	43.7
2012	43.7
2011	43.4
2010	42.9
2009	42
2008	40.5
2007	39.1
2006	37
2005	34.5
2004	33.2
2003	32.9
2002	35.2
2001	35.9

care2023

Essential health-service coverage

77 index 0–100

North star

Universal access to essential health services

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Universal health coverage service coverage index across essential health services.

Source, limitations & data

A tracer-service index, not a claim that every person receives care or financial protection.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH_UHC_SCI ↗

Essential health-service coverage observations for North Korea
Year	index 0–100
2023	77
2022	76
2021	80
2020	80
2019	80
2018	79
2017	80
2016	80
2015	79
2014	78
2013	77
2012	76
2011	73
2010	75
2009	74
2008	74
2007	73
2006	72
2005	72
2004	72
2003	71
2002	71
2001	70
2000	70

care2024

DTP immunization

99 % children ages 12–23 months

North star

Every child protected by routine vaccination

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of children ages 12–23 months receiving three doses of DTP vaccine.

Source, limitations & data

Coverage does not measure every vaccine, timeliness, or equitable access.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.IMM.IDPT ↗

DTP immunization observations for North Korea
Year	% children ages 12–23 months
2024	99
2023	99
2022	99
2021	99
2020	97
2019	97
2018	97
2017	97
2016	96
2015	96
2014	93
2013	93
2012	96
2011	94
2010	93
2009	93
2008	92
2007	92
2006	89
2005	79
2004	72
2003	68
2002	64
2001	62
2000	56

care2024

Measles immunization

99 % children ages 12–23 months

North star

Every child protected against measles

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of children ages 12–23 months receiving a measles vaccine.

Source, limitations & data

One vaccine-dose indicator, not proof of community immunity or complete schedules.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.IMM.MEAS ↗

Measles immunization observations for North Korea
Year	% children ages 12–23 months
2024	99
2023	99
2022	99
2021	99
2020	99
2019	99
2018	98
2017	99
2016	99
2015	98
2014	99
2013	99
2012	99
2011	99
2010	99
2009	98
2008	98
2007	99
2006	96
2005	96
2004	95
2003	95
2002	98
2001	92
2000	78

care2017

Skilled birth attendance

99.5 % of births

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Every birth supported by skilled, respectful care

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Births attended by skilled health personnel.

Source, limitations & data

Presence of a skilled attendant does not establish quality, emergency access, or respectful care.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.BRTC.ZS ↗

Skilled birth attendance observations for North Korea
Year	% of births
2017	99.5
2009	100
2004	97.1
2000	96.7

care2024

Adolescent birth rate

0.5 births per 1,000 women ages 15–19

North star

Prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy and support young parents

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Births per 1,000 women ages 15–19.

Source, limitations & data

Births alone do not establish intention or agency; reproductive choice and access to care matter.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.ADO.TFRT ↗

Adolescent birth rate observations for North Korea
Year	births per 1,000 women ages 15–19
2024	0.5
2023	0.5
2022	0.5
2021	0.5
2020	0.6
2019	0.6
2018	0.6
2017	0.6
2016	0.6
2015	0.6
2014	0.6
2013	0.6
2012	0.6
2011	0.6
2010	0.6
2009	0.6
2008	0.7
2007	0.7
2006	0.8
2005	0.8
2004	0.8
2003	0.9
2002	1
2001	1.1
2000	1.1

careDATA GAP

Current health expenditure

— % of GDP

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

Affordable, effective care with fair financial protection

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Current health expenditure as a share of GDP.

Source, limitations & data

More spending is not automatically better outcomes; excludes capital expenditure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Current health expenditure observations for North Korea
Year	% of GDP

careDATA GAP

Out-of-pocket health costs

— % of health expenditure

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

No one pushed into hardship by the cost of care

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Out-of-pocket spending as a share of current health expenditure.

Source, limitations & data

Not the share of household income spent on health, and not a direct catastrophic-spending measure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Out-of-pocket health costs observations for North Korea
Year	% of health expenditure

care2017

Physician availability

3.6 per 1,000 people

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Timely access to qualified health professionals

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Number of physicians per 1,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Counts can combine practicing or registered staff depending on country; distribution and quality matter.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MED.PHYS.ZS ↗

Physician availability observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 people
2017	3.6
2016	3.6
2014	3.5
2012	3.4
2008	3.2
2003	3.1

care2017

Nurses & midwives

4.4 per 1,000 people

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Adequate nursing and midwifery care everywhere

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Nursing and midwifery personnel per 1,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Country reporting and occupational coverage differ; national density conceals shortages.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MED.NUMW.P3 ↗

Nurses & midwives observations for North Korea
Year	per 1,000 people
2017	4.4
2008	4.1
2003	3.9

environment2023

Safely managed drinking water

66.6 % of population

North star

Safe drinking water for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using drinking water that is on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination.

Source, limitations & data

WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Missing safely managed data must not be substituted silently with basic access.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS ↗

Safely managed drinking water observations for North Korea
Year	% of population
2023	66.6
2022	66.5
2021	66.5
2020	66.4
2019	66.3
2018	66.5
2017	66.6
2016	66.8
2015	67
2014	67.1
2013	67.3
2012	67.5
2011	67.7
2010	67.8
2009	68
2008	68.2
2007	68.4
2006	68.6
2005	68.8
2004	69
2003	69.1
2002	69
2001	69
2000	69

environmentDATA GAP

Safely managed sanitation

— % of population

○

No national estimate meeting this definition was found. Basic access, urban-only and rural-only coverage are separate measures.

North star

Safe sanitation for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using improved, unshared sanitation with safe disposal or treatment of excreta.

Source, limitations & data

WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Basic sanitation is a separate, less stringent measure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.SMSS.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Safely managed sanitation observations for North Korea
Year	% of population

environmentDATA GAP

Handwashing facilities

— % of population

○

No national estimate meeting this definition was found. Basic access, urban-only and rural-only coverage are separate measures.

North star

Soap, water, and hygiene access for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People with a handwashing facility with soap and water at home.

Source, limitations & data

Limited survey coverage; presence does not establish consistent use.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.HYGN.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Handwashing facilities observations for North Korea
Year	% of population

environment2023

Fine-particle air pollution

21.8 µg/m³

North star

WHO guideline: annual PM2.5 at most 5 µg/m³

WHO air-quality guideline · Target source ↗

Population-weighted annual mean exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5).

Source, limitations & data

Modeled national exposure. Local hotspots and personal exposure differ.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 ↗

Fine-particle air pollution observations for North Korea
Year	µg/m³
2023	21.8
2022	20.8
2021	22.1
2020	22.4
2019	21.8
2018	21.2
2017	25.1
2016	26.6
2015	30.3
2014	31.4
2013	24.6
2012	25.2
2011	25.4
2010	22.1
2009	28.1
2008	27.7
2007	28.5
2006	27.6
2005	25.6
2004	26
2003	26.3
2002	25.7
2001	26.7
2000	25.8

environment2023

Clean cooking access

14.5 % of population

North star

Clean cooking without harmful household smoke

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking.

Source, limitations & data

Primary reliance as defined by WHO; access does not guarantee affordability or exclusive use.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS ↗

Clean cooking access observations for North Korea
Year	% of population
2023	14.5
2022	13.6
2021	13.1
2020	12.1
2019	11.4
2018	10.7
2017	9.9
2016	9.3
2015	8.7
2014	8
2013	7.3
2012	6.8
2011	6.2
2010	5.7
2009	5.1
2008	4.5
2007	3.9
2006	3.4
2005	3
2004	2.5
2003	2.1
2002	1.8
2001	1.6
2000	1.3

environment2024

Electricity access

61.4 % of population

North star

Reliable, affordable electricity for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of people with access to electricity.

Source, limitations & data

Connection alone does not measure reliability, affordability or clean generation.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS ↗

Electricity access observations for North Korea
Year	% of population
2024	61.4
2023	57.5
2022	54.7
2021	52.6
2020	50.5
2019	48.4
2018	46.3
2017	44.2
2016	42.1
2015	40
2014	37.8
2013	35.7
2012	33.6
2011	31.4
2010	29.3
2009	26

opportunityDATA GAP

Extreme poverty

— % of population

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

Zero extreme poverty

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing-power-parity prices.

Source, limitations & data

Survey-based; line and PPP base change across releases. The source metadata gives the exact current definition.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SI.POV.DDAY ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Extreme poverty observations for North Korea
Year	% of population

opportunity2025

Unemployment

3.5 % of labor force

North star

Decent work for everyone who wants it

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

People without work who are available and seeking work; ILO modeled estimate.

Source, limitations & data

Excludes people outside the labor force and does not establish job quality.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS ↗

Unemployment observations for North Korea
Year	% of labor force
2025	3.5
2024	3.5
2023	3.5
2022	3.5
2021	3.7
2020	3.6
2019	3.4
2018	3.4
2017	3.5
2016	3.6
2015	3.5
2014	3.5
2013	3.6
2012	3.5
2011	3.5
2010	3.4
2009	3.5
2008	3.5
2007	3.5
2006	3.6
2005	3.6
2004	3.6
2003	3.7
2002	3.6
2001	3.7
2000	3.7

opportunity2025

Employment-to-population ratio

79.2 % ages 15+

North star

Dignified, fairly paid work and genuine choice

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Share of people age 15+ who are employed; ILO modeled estimate.

Source, limitations & data

Age structure, education and unpaid care affect the rate. 100% employment is not an appropriate universal goal.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS ↗

Employment-to-population ratio observations for North Korea
Year	% ages 15+
2025	79.2
2024	79.3
2023	79.3
2022	79.3
2021	77.7
2020	77.7
2019	79.4
2018	79.4
2017	79.2
2016	79.1
2015	79.2
2014	79.2
2013	79.1
2012	79.2
2011	79.2
2010	79.3
2009	79.2
2008	79.2
2007	79.2
2006	79.2
2005	79.1
2004	79.1
2003	79.1
2002	79.2
2001	79.1
2000	79.2

opportunityDATA GAP

Income per person

— international dollars, constant 2021 PPP

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

Shared prosperity within ecological limits

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

GDP per person adjusted for purchasing power and inflation.

Source, limitations & data

Not household income, wealth or wellbeing; the current PPP base is specified in source metadata.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Income per person observations for North Korea
Year	international dollars, constant 2021 PPP

opportunityDATA GAP

Income inequality

— Gini index 0–100

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

Fair opportunity and less harmful inequality

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Distribution of income or consumption within a country.

Source, limitations & data

Income and consumption surveys are not interchangeable; sparse survey years are shown honestly.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SI.POV.GINI ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Income inequality observations for North Korea
Year	Gini index 0–100

opportunity2009

Primary-school completion

97.1 % of relevant age group

Historical evidence · 2009. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Every child completes quality primary education

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Completion rate for primary education.

Source, limitations & data

Gross enrollment-based ratios can exceed 100%; completion does not directly measure learning.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SE.PRM.CMPT.ZS ↗

Primary-school completion observations for North Korea
Year	% of relevant age group
2009	97.1

opportunity2008

Adult literacy

100 % adults 15+

Historical evidence · 2008. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Literacy for every adult

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Adults who can read and write a short simple statement about everyday life.

Source, limitations & data

Sparse census or survey observations; national definitions and self-report can vary.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SE.ADT.LITR.ZS ↗

Adult literacy observations for North Korea
Year	% adults 15+
2008	100

opportunity2004

Internet use

0 % of population

Historical evidence · 2004. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Meaningful digital access for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using the internet.

Source, limitations & data

Access does not establish affordability, safety, speed or digital literacy.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · IT.NET.USER.ZS ↗

Internet use observations for North Korea
Year	% of population
2004	0
2003	0
2002	0
2001	0
2000	0

opportunity2009

Birth registration

100 % children under 5

Historical evidence · 2009. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Every child counted and legally recognized

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five whose births have been registered with a civil authority.

Source, limitations & data

Survey or administrative coverage may differ; registration does not establish complete vital statistics.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.REG.BRTH.ZS ↗

Birth registration observations for North Korea
Year	% children under 5
2009	100
2000	98.9

A starting agenda for North Korea

Turn the goals
into work.

This is a public-health agenda to adapt with local communities and professionals. Completion alone does not establish a quantified effect.

Prevent avoidable deaths

Protect life at every stage.

Expand timely, respectful maternal and newborn care.
Close gaps in routine vaccination and disease prevention.
Strengthen suicide prevention, mental-health care, and follow-up.
Reduce road injuries, violence, and avoidable chronic-disease deaths.

WHO suicide-prevention evidence ↗

Reduce health loss

Make effective care reachable.

Improve access to primary care and essential medicines.
Detect and treat disease earlier.
Provide rehabilitation, pain relief, and disability support.
Protect households from harmful health-care costs.

WHO universal health coverage ↗

Build healthy conditions

Support the foundations of life.

Deliver safe water, sanitation, hygiene, and clean cooking.
Reduce harmful air pollution and child malnutrition.
Expand quality education, decent work, and social protection.
Publish results and identify who is still being left behind.

International development goals ↗

Keep exploring

OUR GREAT WORKIS NOT OVER.

North KoreaPRKA healthier future.

More life.Less suffering.

The trends.The north stars.

Life expectancy

Healthy life expectancy

Under-five mortality

Infant mortality

Neonatal mortality

Maternal mortality

Suicide mortality

Road-traffic mortality

Intentional homicide

Premature chronic-disease mortality

Healthy life-years lost

Life-years lost to premature death

Years of nonfatal health loss

All-cause deaths

Suicide deaths

Depressive-disorder health loss

Anxiety-disorder health loss

Alcohol-disorder health loss

Drug-disorder health loss

Tuberculosis incidence

New HIV infections

Malaria incidence

Diabetes prevalence

Tobacco use

Alcohol consumption

Child stunting

Child wasting

Undernourishment

Essential health-service coverage

DTP immunization

Measles immunization

Skilled birth attendance

Adolescent birth rate

Current health expenditure

Out-of-pocket health costs

Physician availability

Nurses & midwives

Safely managed drinking water

Safely managed sanitation

Handwashing facilities

Fine-particle air pollution

Clean cooking access

Electricity access

Extreme poverty

Unemployment

Employment-to-population ratio

Income per person

Income inequality

Primary-school completion

Adult literacy

Internet use

Birth registration

Turn the goalsinto work.

Protect life at every stage.

Make effective care reachable.

Support the foundations of life.

More country perspectives.

OUR GREAT WORK
IS NOT OVER.

More life.
Less suffering.

The trends.
The north stars.

Turn the goals
into work.