Every life matters. The work is urgent.

OUR GREAT WORK
IS NOT OVER.

Zero suicide. Zero needless suffering. Zero poverty.
Every country still has work to do.

Find the work we can do now ↓

Next death · average-rate clock02.73seconds remaining in this repeating cycle

One death every 2.72 seconds on average.

EVERY LIFE COUNTSAverage-rate illustration
Not a live report

Next suicide · average-rate clock04:41.84minutes:seconds remaining in this repeating cycle

One death every 281.83 seconds on average.

EVERY LIFE COUNTSAverage-rate illustration
Not a live report

Published average intervals; enable JavaScript for repeating countdowns.

China · WHO 2023 · 1/1 countries. Annual totals ÷ seconds in the source year set the rate. These are illustrative averages, not real-time death reports or predictions. The death clock includes all causes, including deaths that cannot currently be prevented. Sources & calculation ↗

East Asia & Pacific · UN member

ChinaCHNA healthier future.

China’s health dashboard connects the latest available evidence with a shared horizon: zero suicide, zero needless suffering, zero poverty, and longer healthy lives.

North-star health score · v27.4 / 100

10/12 core measures · 2021–2024

Life expectancy78

Years · 2024

Healthy life expectancy68

Years · 2023

Indicator coverage49 / 52

Dated numerical series · 0 source-context notes.

Inspect China’s score components

Version 2 is a deliberately demanding editorial measure of distance to the north stars, not an official WHO/UN index or the percentage of people who are healthy. Strong services cannot cancel out ongoing suicide, health loss, or extreme poverty. At least 9 of 12 core measures and all three recent zero-harm inputs are required. Missing inputs suppress the final score, rather than implying success. Health loss is a proxy broader than avoidable suffering; the $3.00/day measure covers extreme poverty, not every form of deprivation. Lower scores under this new method are a recalibration, not evidence of deterioration.

Measure	Year	Value	Foundation component score
Life expectancy	2024	78	70
Under-five mortality	2024	5.7	94.3
Maternal mortality	2023	16	96.8
Suicide mortality	2021	9	64.2
Premature chronic-disease mortality	2021	15.9	54.6
Tuberculosis incidence	2024	49	90.2
Essential health-service coverage	2023	85	85
DTP immunization	2024	97	97
Safely managed sanitation	2024	68.9	68.9
Fine-particle air pollution	2023	32	50.9

Zero suicide

7.87 deaths per 100,000 people · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.389

Zero needless suffering

0.303 DALYs per person; health-loss proxy · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.248

Zero poverty

0 % below $3.00/day (2021 PPP); extreme-poverty proxy · 2022

Score multiplier ×1

A deliberately demanding measure of distance to the goals. Version 2 changes the method, not the underlying observations. Health loss is not all needless suffering; the poverty input measures extreme poverty. See the formula and limits ↗

Explore 52 indicators ↓The action agenda ↗

The human stakes

More life.
Less suffering.

Choose a reduction in the measured annual burden. This is a transparent scenario, not a forecast that completing a checklist will deliver it.

Illustrative reduction 25%

0%50%100% theoretical ceiling

Annual deaths avoided2.9M

Of 11.6M deaths in the covered population.

Years of life restored64.4M

Years lost to premature mortality (YLL).

Health loss diminished43.4M

Disability-weighted years (YLD), a health-loss measure.

Healthy life-years reclaimed107.8M

YLL + YLD = DALYs. 1.3M equivalent 80-year healthy lifetimes.

China · 2023

WHO modeled all-cause estimates; same release and reference year. These four measures overlap and must not be added. DALYs quantify health loss, not every form of suffering. An equivalent lifetime is a unit conversion, not a person saved. All-cause deaths include deaths that cannot currently be prevented; 100% is an arithmetic ceiling.

See the calculation and its limits ↗

China · the evidence

The trends.
The north stars.

Mint traces measured observations. Gold marks numerical goals. Lines connect available observations, which can be years apart. Non-numerical goals are explained in each card. Historical figures, model caveats and source-backed status notes stay visible. A gap is an invitation to improve measurement.

Find an indicator

52 indicators

outcomes2024

Life expectancy

78 years

North star

90 years of life, with health and dignity

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Expected lifespan at birth under the year’s mortality patterns.

Source, limitations & data

Period measure, not a prediction for an individual. National averages conceal inequalities.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.DYN.LE00.IN ↗

Life expectancy observations for China
Year	years
2024	78
2023	78
2022	78.2
2021	78.1
2020	78
2019	77.9
2018	77.7
2017	77.2
2016	77.2
2015	77
2014	76.7
2013	76.5
2012	76.2
2011	75.9
2010	75.7
2009	75.3
2008	74.8
2007	74.8
2006	74.4
2005	74.1
2004	73.7
2003	73.4
2002	73
2001	72.7
2000	72.3

burden2023

Healthy life expectancy

68 years

North star

80 years lived in full health

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Expected years lived in full health at birth under current mortality and morbidity patterns.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled HALE estimates incorporate severity weights. This is not a measure of happiness or all suffering.

World Health Organization · WHOSIS_000002 ↗

Healthy life expectancy observations for China
Year	years
2023	68
2022	68.2
2021	68.5
2020	68.6
2019	68.4
2018	68.2
2017	68
2016	67.8
2015	67.6
2014	67.5
2013	67.3
2012	67
2011	66.8
2010	66.6
2009	66.4
2008	65.9
2007	65.7
2006	65.4
2005	64.9
2004	64.4
2003	64.2
2002	63.9
2001	63.5
2000	63.2

outcomes2024

Under-five mortality

5.7 per 1,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable child deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030: at most 25 per 1,000 · Interim target ↗

Probability of dying before age five, per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled UN inter-agency estimate. Infant and neonatal deaths are included; never add these counts.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.MORT ↗

Under-five mortality observations for China
Year	per 1,000 live births
2024	5.7
2023	6.1
2022	6.6
2021	7
2020	7.5
2019	8
2018	8.6
2017	9.3
2016	10
2015	10.7
2014	11.6
2013	12.5
2012	13.5
2011	14.6
2010	15.7
2009	17.1
2008	18.5
2007	20.1
2006	21.9
2005	24
2004	26.3
2003	28.8
2002	31.4
2001	34.1
2000	36.6

outcomes2024

Infant mortality

4.1 per 1,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable infant deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Probability of dying before age one, per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

A subset of under-five mortality; not additive with child or neonatal deaths.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.DYN.IMRT.IN ↗

Infant mortality observations for China
Year	per 1,000 live births
2024	4.1
2023	4.4
2022	4.8
2021	5.1
2020	5.5
2019	6
2018	6.4
2017	7
2016	7.6
2015	8.2
2014	8.9
2013	9.7
2012	10.5
2011	11.4
2010	12.4
2009	13.5
2008	14.8
2007	16.1
2006	17.7
2005	19.4
2004	21.3
2003	23.4
2002	25.6
2001	27.8
2000	29.9

outcomes2024

Neonatal mortality

2.6 per 1,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable newborn deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030: at most 12 per 1,000 · Interim target ↗

Deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

A subset of infant and under-five mortality; these are overlapping categories.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.NMRT ↗

Neonatal mortality observations for China
Year	per 1,000 live births
2024	2.6
2023	2.8
2022	3
2021	3.2
2020	3.5
2019	3.8
2018	4.1
2017	4.5
2016	4.9
2015	5.3
2014	5.8
2013	6.4
2012	7
2011	7.6
2010	8.4
2009	9.2
2008	10.2
2007	11.3
2006	12.5
2005	13.9
2004	15.3
2003	16.8
2002	18.4
2001	19.9
2000	21.4

outcomes2023

Maternal mortality

16 per 100,000 live births

North star

Zero preventable maternal deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030 global ratio: below 70 · Interim target ↗

Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled estimate with uncertainty. The denominator is births, not total population.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.MMRT ↗

Maternal mortality observations for China
Year	per 100,000 live births
2023	16
2022	18
2021	21
2020	20
2019	21
2018	22
2017	24
2016	25
2015	26
2014	28
2013	30
2012	32
2011	33
2010	34
2009	35
2008	38
2007	38
2006	40
2005	42
2004	45
2003	47
2002	50
2001	52
2000	56

outcomes2021

Suicide mortality

9 per 100,000 people

North star

Zero suicide deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled crude rate, not age-standardized. Reporting and classification differ; lower reported rates can reflect undercounting.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.SUIC.P5 ↗

Suicide mortality observations for China
Year	per 100,000 people
2021	9
2020	8.8
2019	8.8
2018	8.7
2017	8.6
2016	8.7
2015	8.7
2014	8.9
2013	9.1
2012	9.4
2011	10
2010	10.6
2009	11.1
2008	11.6
2007	12.2
2006	13
2005	14.2
2004	15
2003	15
2002	14.9
2001	15.1
2000	15.5

outcomes2019

Road-traffic mortality

17.4 per 100,000 people

North star

Zero deaths and serious injuries on the roads

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated annual deaths from road-traffic injuries per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Population-based WHO rate, not deaths per distance travelled.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.TRAF.P5 ↗

Road-traffic mortality observations for China
Year	per 100,000 people
2019	17.4
2018	17.6
2017	17.8
2016	18
2015	18.3
2014	18.8
2013	19.6
2012	20.3
2011	20.7
2010	20.3
2009	20.5
2008	20.5
2007	20.9
2006	20.7
2005	20.8
2004	20.5
2003	21.1
2002	22.1
2001	21.9
2000	21.4

outcomes2020

Intentional homicide

0.5 per 100,000 people

North star

Zero intentional homicides

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 people.

Source, limitations & data

UNODC-based estimates. Reporting and conflict-death definitions vary.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 ↗

Intentional homicide observations for China
Year	per 100,000 people
2020	0.5
2019	0.5
2018	0.5
2017	0.6
2016	0.6
2015	0.7
2014	0.7
2013	0.8
2012	0.8
2011	0.9
2010	1
2009	1.1
2008	1.1
2007	1.2
2006	1.4
2005	1.6
2004	1.9
2003	1.9
2002	2

outcomes2021

Premature chronic-disease mortality

15.9 % probability ages 30–70

North star

End avoidable premature deaths from major chronic diseases

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Probability of dying between ages 30 and 70 from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease.

Source, limitations & data

Not a death rate or all chronic diseases. Cannot multiply by population to produce annual deaths.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.NCOM.ZS ↗

Premature chronic-disease mortality observations for China
Year	% probability ages 30–70
2021	15.9
2020	15.8
2019	16
2018	16.2
2017	16.5
2016	16.8
2015	17.1
2014	17.5
2013	18.1
2012	18.7
2011	19
2010	19.4
2009	19.7
2008	20
2007	20.3
2006	21.2
2005	22.5
2004	23.3
2003	23.5
2002	23.6
2001	23.8
2000	24.1

burden2023

Healthy life-years lost

431,383,204 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

DALYs combine years lost to premature mortality and severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss.

Source, limitations & data

DALY = YLL + YLD. A burden baseline, not proof that all loss can be avoided; not an estimate of all human suffering.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Healthy life-years lost observations for China
Year	healthy life-years
2023	431,383,204
2022	414,916,918
2021	400,023,390
2020	388,235,168
2019	393,078,022
2015	384,700,771
2010	376,121,502
2000	392,756,160

burden2023

Life-years lost to premature death

257,601,672 life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO years of life lost (YLL) relative to its reference life table.

Source, limitations & data

Different from number of people dying; one death can account for many life-years.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Life-years lost to premature death observations for China
Year	life-years
2023	257,601,672
2022	243,984,580
2021	232,075,158
2020	222,280,288
2019	229,793,372
2015	224,818,684
2010	229,803,401
2000	267,666,531

burden2023

Years of nonfatal health loss

173,781,532 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Severity-weighted years lived with disease or disability (YLD), adjusted for comorbidity by the source.

Source, limitations & data

A health-loss proxy, not a valuation of people with disabilities or a direct measure of distress, poverty, or all suffering.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Years of nonfatal health loss observations for China
Year	healthy life-years
2023	173,781,532
2022	170,932,337
2021	167,948,232
2020	165,954,880
2019	163,284,650
2015	159,882,087
2010	146,318,101
2000	125,089,629

outcomes2023

All-cause deaths

11,586,141 deaths

North star

Prevent avoidable deaths and extend healthy life

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

WHO estimated all-cause deaths in the reference year.

Source, limitations & data

Deaths are a baseline; no programme can be assumed to eliminate all mortality.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

All-cause deaths observations for China
Year	deaths
2023	11,586,141
2022	10,899,334
2021	10,065,180
2020	9,722,855
2019	9,469,077
2015	8,769,289
2010	8,146,278
2000	7,824,409

outcomes2023

Suicide deaths

111,896 deaths

North star

Zero suicide deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO estimated deaths from intentional self-harm, both sexes and all ages.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled cause-specific estimate; reporting and classification can undercount suicide. Included in all-cause deaths; never add it again.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Suicide deaths observations for China
Year	deaths
2023	111,896
2022	117,135
2021	124,377
2020	127,813
2019	122,552
2015	113,723
2010	131,820
2000	195,979

burden2023

Depressive-disorder health loss

9,493,396 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from depressive disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not case counts or direct distress. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Depressive-disorder health loss observations for China
Year	healthy life-years
2023	9,493,396
2022	9,322,203
2021	9,161,705
2020	9,261,033
2019	8,541,528
2015	7,910,170
2010	7,348,528
2000	6,054,754

burden2023

Anxiety-disorder health loss

6,962,195 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from anxiety disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not case counts. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Anxiety-disorder health loss observations for China
Year	healthy life-years
2023	6,962,195
2022	6,676,734
2021	6,234,061
2020	6,396,718
2019	5,757,088
2015	5,043,523
2010	4,742,981
2000	4,755,732

burden2023

Alcohol-disorder health loss

2,165,785 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from alcohol use disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD. Alcohol-related injuries and other disease burdens sit in other categories; included in total YLD.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Alcohol-disorder health loss observations for China
Year	healthy life-years
2023	2,165,785
2022	2,321,578
2021	2,331,474
2020	2,326,221
2019	2,306,829
2015	2,098,967
2010	1,840,346
2000	1,800,409

burden2023

Drug-disorder health loss

1,224,557 healthy life-years

North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from drug use disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not overdose deaths. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Drug-disorder health loss observations for China
Year	healthy life-years
2023	1,224,557
2022	1,245,064
2021	1,227,491
2020	1,203,380
2019	1,203,148
2015	1,196,644
2010	1,250,695
2000	1,968,745

disease2024

Tuberculosis incidence

49 per 100,000 people

North star

End tuberculosis

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated new and relapsed tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled incidence includes uncertainty; not the number of reported diagnoses.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.TBS.INCD ↗

Tuberculosis incidence observations for China
Year	per 100,000 people
2024	49
2023	52
2022	52
2021	55
2020	58
2019	58
2018	61
2017	62
2016	63
2015	65
2014	67
2013	70
2012	73
2011	75
2010	76
2009	81
2008	82
2007	85
2006	88
2005	91
2004	94
2003	97
2002	100
2001	104
2000	107

diseaseDATA GAP

New HIV infections

— per 1,000 uninfected ages 15–49

○

No matching rate for uninfected adults ages 15–49 was found. All-age rates and reported diagnoses use different measures.

North star

Zero new HIV infections

Unified Nations aspirational north star

New HIV infections among uninfected adults ages 15–49.

Source, limitations & data

Denominator is uninfected adults in this age group, not the whole population.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.HIV.INCD.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

New HIV infections observations for China
Year	per 1,000 uninfected ages 15–49

disease2024

Malaria incidence

0 per 1,000 at risk

North star

End malaria

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated new malaria cases per 1,000 people at risk.

Source, limitations & data

At-risk population differs from total population. No observation is not zero or proof of elimination.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MLR.INCD.P3 ↗

Malaria incidence observations for China
Year	per 1,000 at risk
2024	0
2022	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0
2017	0
2016	0
2015	0
2014	0
2013	0
2012	0
2011	0
2010	<0.1
2009	<0.1
2008	<0.1
2007	0.1
2006	0.1
2005	<0.1
2004	0.1
2003	0.1
2002	0.1
2001	<0.1
2000	<0.1

disease2024

Diabetes prevalence

11.9 % ages 20–79

North star

Prevent avoidable diabetes and support everyone living with it

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Share of adults ages 20–79 living with diabetes.

Source, limitations & data

A modeled prevalence estimate; diagnosis, treatment, and control matter alongside prevention.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.DIAB.ZS ↗

Diabetes prevalence observations for China
Year	% ages 20–79
2024	11.9
2011	8.8

disease2024

Tobacco use

22.8 % adults 15+

North star

A tobacco-free future

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use in adults.

Source, limitations & data

Includes smoked and smokeless tobacco as defined by the source; a modeled estimate.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.PRV.SMOK ↗

Tobacco use observations for China
Year	% adults 15+
2024	22.8
2023	23
2022	23.1
2020	23.4
2015	24.3
2010	25.1
2007	25.6
2005	26
2000	27.1

disease2020

Alcohol consumption

4.6 litres pure alcohol per adult 15+

North star

Minimize alcohol-related harm

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Annual total alcohol consumption per person age 15+.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled/projected estimate includes recorded and estimated unrecorded consumption, adjusted for tourism; not a measure of distribution or dependence.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.ALC.PCAP.LI ↗

Alcohol consumption observations for China
Year	litres pure alcohol per adult 15+
2020	4.6
2019	5.7
2018	5.7
2017	6.5
2016	7.2
2015	7.4
2014	7.3
2013	7.2
2012	6.9
2011	6.5
2010	5.9
2009	5.3
2008	4.7
2007	4.2
2006	3.8
2005	3.5
2004	3.3
2003	3.3
2002	3.4
2001	3.6
2000	3.6

disease2017

Child stunting

4.8 % children under 5

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Zero child stunting

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five with low height for age relative to the WHO growth standard.

Source, limitations & data

Survey and modeled series vary; reflects cumulative deprivation, not every cause of poor nutrition.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.STNT.ZS ↗

Child stunting observations for China
Year	% children under 5
2017	4.8
2013	8.1
2010	9.4
2009	9
2008	9.8
2005	11.7
2002	21.8
2000	17.8

disease2017

Child wasting

1.9 % children under 5

Historical evidence · 2017. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Zero child wasting

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five with low weight for height relative to the WHO growth standard.

Source, limitations & data

Sparse household surveys; a national observation can miss local or seasonal emergencies.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.WAST.ZS ↗

Child wasting observations for China
Year	% children under 5
2017	1.9
2013	1.9
2010	2.3
2009	2.6
2008	2.6
2005	2.9
2002	3
2000	2.5

disease2023

Undernourishment

2.5 % of population

North star

Zero hunger

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of people with insufficient dietary energy intake.

Source, limitations & data

FAO modeled estimate; values below 2.5% may be censored in source presentation.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS ↗

Undernourishment observations for China
Year	% of population
2023	2.5
2022	2.5
2021	2.5
2020	2.5
2019	2.5
2018	2.5
2017	2.5
2016	2.5
2015	2.5
2014	2.5
2013	2.5
2012	2.5
2011	2.5
2010	2.5
2009	2.9
2008	3.9
2007	4.9
2006	6
2005	6.9
2004	7.8
2003	8.6
2002	9.3
2001	10

care2023

Essential health-service coverage

85 index 0–100

North star

Universal access to essential health services

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Universal health coverage service coverage index across essential health services.

Source, limitations & data

A tracer-service index, not a claim that every person receives care or financial protection.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH_UHC_SCI ↗

Essential health-service coverage observations for China
Year	index 0–100
2023	85
2022	84
2021	84
2020	83
2019	82
2018	81
2017	81
2016	80
2015	79
2014	78
2013	77
2012	75
2011	74
2010	73
2009	72
2008	71
2007	70
2006	69
2005	68
2004	67
2003	66
2002	65
2001	64
2000	64

care2024

DTP immunization

97 % children ages 12–23 months

North star

Every child protected by routine vaccination

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of children ages 12–23 months receiving three doses of DTP vaccine.

Source, limitations & data

Coverage does not measure every vaccine, timeliness, or equitable access.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.IMM.IDPT ↗

DTP immunization observations for China
Year	% children ages 12–23 months
2024	97
2023	96
2022	99
2021	99
2020	99
2019	99
2018	99
2017	99
2016	99
2015	99
2014	99
2013	99
2012	99
2011	99
2010	99
2009	99
2008	97
2007	93
2006	93
2005	87
2004	87
2003	86
2002	86
2001	86
2000	85

care2024

Measles immunization

95 % children ages 12–23 months

North star

Every child protected against measles

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of children ages 12–23 months receiving a measles vaccine.

Source, limitations & data

One vaccine-dose indicator, not proof of community immunity or complete schedules.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.IMM.MEAS ↗

Measles immunization observations for China
Year	% children ages 12–23 months
2024	95
2023	95
2022	99
2021	99
2020	99
2019	99
2018	99
2017	99
2016	99
2015	99
2014	99
2013	99
2012	99
2011	99
2010	99
2009	99
2008	97
2007	94
2006	93
2005	86
2004	86
2003	85
2002	85
2001	85
2000	84

care2016

Skilled birth attendance

99.9 % of births

Historical evidence · 2016. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Every birth supported by skilled, respectful care

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Births attended by skilled health personnel.

Source, limitations & data

Presence of a skilled attendant does not establish quality, emergency access, or respectful care.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.BRTC.ZS ↗

Skilled birth attendance observations for China
Year	% of births
2016	99.9
2015	99.9
2014	99.9
2013	99.9
2012	99.8
2011	99.7
2010	99.6
2009	99.3
2008	99.1
2007	98.4
2006	97.8
2005	97.5
2004	97.3
2003	95.9
2002	96.7
2001	97.3
2000	96.6

care2024

Adolescent birth rate

5.2 births per 1,000 women ages 15–19

North star

Prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy and support young parents

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Births per 1,000 women ages 15–19.

Source, limitations & data

Births alone do not establish intention or agency; reproductive choice and access to care matter.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.ADO.TFRT ↗

Adolescent birth rate observations for China
Year	births per 1,000 women ages 15–19
2024	5.2
2023	5.2
2022	5.5
2021	6
2020	6.7
2019	8.3
2018	8.7
2017	10.2
2016	10.7
2015	10.9
2014	12
2013	12
2012	12.5
2011	11.8
2010	12.2
2009	12
2008	11
2007	9.1
2006	8.5
2005	6.6
2004	5.6
2003	6.5
2002	6.1
2001	6.1
2000	6.4

care2023

Current health expenditure

5.9 % of GDP

North star

Affordable, effective care with fair financial protection

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Current health expenditure as a share of GDP.

Source, limitations & data

More spending is not automatically better outcomes; excludes capital expenditure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS ↗

Current health expenditure observations for China
Year	% of GDP
2023	5.9
2022	5.9
2021	5.3
2020	5.5
2019	5.3
2018	5.1
2017	5
2016	4.9
2015	4.9
2014	4.7
2013	4.6
2012	4.5
2011	4.3
2010	4.2
2009	4.3
2008	3.8
2007	3.6
2006	3.9
2005	4.1
2004	4.2
2003	4.4
2002	4.3
2001	4.2
2000	4.5

care2023

Out-of-pocket health costs

32.2 % of health expenditure

North star

No one pushed into hardship by the cost of care

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Out-of-pocket spending as a share of current health expenditure.

Source, limitations & data

Not the share of household income spent on health, and not a direct catastrophic-spending measure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS ↗

Out-of-pocket health costs observations for China
Year	% of health expenditure
2023	32.2
2022	31.6
2021	34.4
2020	34.8
2019	35.2
2018	35.8
2017	36.1
2016	35.9
2015	35.1
2014	36.6
2013	38.2
2012	39.2
2011	40.3
2010	40.8
2009	43.5
2008	47.4
2007	51.3
2006	56
2005	57.7
2004	58.8
2003	60.7
2002	62.9
2001	64.2
2000	60.1

care2022

Physician availability

3.1 per 1,000 people

North star

Timely access to qualified health professionals

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Number of physicians per 1,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Counts can combine practicing or registered staff depending on country; distribution and quality matter.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MED.PHYS.ZS ↗

Physician availability observations for China
Year	per 1,000 people
2022	3.1
2021	2.5
2020	2.4
2019	2.3
2018	2.1
2017	2
2016	1.9
2015	1.8
2014	1.7
2013	1.7
2012	1.6
2011	1.5
2010	1.5
2009	1.4
2008	1.3
2007	1.3
2006	1.3
2005	1.2
2004	1.2
2003	1.2
2002	1.1
2001	1.3
2000	1.3

care2022

Nurses & midwives

3.7 per 1,000 people

North star

Adequate nursing and midwifery care everywhere

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Nursing and midwifery personnel per 1,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Country reporting and occupational coverage differ; national density conceals shortages.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MED.NUMW.P3 ↗

Nurses & midwives observations for China
Year	per 1,000 people
2022	3.7
2021	3.5
2020	3.3
2019	3.1
2018	2.9
2017	2.7
2016	2.5
2015	2.3
2014	2.2
2013	2
2012	1.8
2011	1.7
2010	1.5
2009	1.4
2008	1.3
2007	1.2
2006	1.1
2005	1
2004	1
2003	1
2002	1
2001	1
2000	1

environmentDATA GAP

Safely managed drinking water

— % of population

○

No national estimate meeting this definition was found. Basic access, urban-only and rural-only coverage are separate measures.

North star

Safe drinking water for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using drinking water that is on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination.

Source, limitations & data

WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Missing safely managed data must not be substituted silently with basic access.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Safely managed drinking water observations for China
Year	% of population

environment2024

Safely managed sanitation

68.9 % of population

North star

Safe sanitation for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using improved, unshared sanitation with safe disposal or treatment of excreta.

Source, limitations & data

WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Basic sanitation is a separate, less stringent measure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.SMSS.ZS ↗

Safely managed sanitation observations for China
Year	% of population
2024	68.9
2023	68.4
2022	67.2
2021	65.9
2020	64.6
2019	63.2
2018	59.7
2017	56.2
2016	52.8
2015	49.4
2014	46.2
2013	43
2012	39.9
2011	37
2010	34
2009	31.2
2008	28.5
2007	25.9
2006	23.4
2005	21
2004	18.7
2003	16.5
2002	14.5
2001	13.8
2000	13.4

environment2024

Handwashing facilities

97.3 % of population

North star

Soap, water, and hygiene access for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People with a handwashing facility with soap and water at home.

Source, limitations & data

Limited survey coverage; presence does not establish consistent use.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.HYGN.ZS ↗

Handwashing facilities observations for China
Year	% of population
2024	97.3
2023	97.2
2022	97.2
2021	97.2
2020	97.1
2019	97.1
2018	97.1
2017	97

environment2023

Fine-particle air pollution

32 µg/m³

North star

WHO guideline: annual PM2.5 at most 5 µg/m³

WHO air-quality guideline · Target source ↗

Population-weighted annual mean exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5).

Source, limitations & data

Modeled national exposure. Local hotspots and personal exposure differ.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 ↗

Fine-particle air pollution observations for China
Year	µg/m³
2023	32
2022	31.9
2021	31.9
2020	33.7
2019	37.2
2018	38.5
2017	43.1
2016	45.3
2015	49.5
2014	52.5
2013	51.7
2012	48.7
2011	52.7
2010	49
2009	49.9
2008	51.1
2007	51.7
2006	49.9
2005	46.1
2004	45.3
2003	45.7
2002	46.1
2001	45.7
2000	45.3

environment2023

Clean cooking access

88.7 % of population

North star

Clean cooking without harmful household smoke

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking.

Source, limitations & data

Primary reliance as defined by WHO; access does not guarantee affordability or exclusive use.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS ↗

Clean cooking access observations for China
Year	% of population
2023	88.7
2022	87.2
2021	85.6
2020	83.8
2019	81.6
2018	79.5
2017	76.9
2016	74.2
2015	71.6
2014	69
2013	65.9
2012	63.1
2011	60.3
2010	57.9
2009	55.3
2008	53.2
2007	51.2
2006	49.1
2005	47.4
2004	45.7
2003	44.1
2002	42.8
2001	41.6
2000	40.3

environment2024

Electricity access

100 % of population

North star

Reliable, affordable electricity for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of people with access to electricity.

Source, limitations & data

Connection alone does not measure reliability, affordability or clean generation.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS ↗

Electricity access observations for China
Year	% of population
2024	100
2023	100
2022	100
2021	100
2020	100
2019	100
2018	100
2017	100
2016	100
2015	100
2014	100
2013	100
2012	99.9
2011	99.9
2010	99.7
2009	99.1
2008	98.8
2007	98.5
2006	98.2
2005	97.9
2004	97.7
2003	97.4
2002	97.2
2001	97
2000	96.7

opportunity2022

Extreme poverty

0 % of population

North star

Zero extreme poverty

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing-power-parity prices.

Source, limitations & data

Survey-based; line and PPP base change across releases. The source metadata gives the exact current definition.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SI.POV.DDAY ↗

Extreme poverty observations for China
Year	% of population
2022	0
2021	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0.7
2017	1.6
2016	2.1
2015	2.9
2014	4.6
2013	6
2012	12.9
2011	15.3
2010	20.6
2008	26.1
2005	32.9
2002	47.8

opportunity2025

Unemployment

4.6 % of labor force

North star

Decent work for everyone who wants it

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

People without work who are available and seeking work; ILO modeled estimate.

Source, limitations & data

Excludes people outside the labor force and does not establish job quality.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS ↗

Unemployment observations for China
Year	% of labor force
2025	4.6
2024	4.6
2023	4.7
2022	5
2021	4.6
2020	5
2019	4.6
2018	4.3
2017	4.5
2016	4.6
2015	4.7
2014	4.6
2013	4.6
2012	4.6
2011	4.6
2010	4.5
2009	4.7
2008	4.6
2007	4.4
2006	4.4
2005	4.5
2004	4.5
2003	4.6
2002	4.2
2001	3.8
2000	3.3

opportunity2025

Employment-to-population ratio

61.6 % ages 15+

North star

Dignified, fairly paid work and genuine choice

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Share of people age 15+ who are employed; ILO modeled estimate.

Source, limitations & data

Age structure, education and unpaid care affect the rate. 100% employment is not an appropriate universal goal.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS ↗

Employment-to-population ratio observations for China
Year	% ages 15+
2025	61.6
2024	61.9
2023	62.8
2022	62.5
2021	64.1
2020	62.4
2019	64.3
2018	64.9
2017	65.3
2016	65.7
2015	66.1
2014	66.4
2013	66.8
2012	67.2
2011	67.6
2010	67.7
2009	67.9
2008	68.3
2007	68.8
2006	69.1
2005	69.3
2004	69.7
2003	69.9
2002	70.4
2001	71.1
2000	71.8

opportunity2025

Income per person

25,067 international dollars, constant 2021 PPP

North star

Shared prosperity within ecological limits

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

GDP per person adjusted for purchasing power and inflation.

Source, limitations & data

Not household income, wealth or wellbeing; the current PPP base is specified in source metadata.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD ↗

Income per person observations for China
Year	international dollars, constant 2021 PPP
2025	25,067
2024	23,841
2023	22,687
2022	21,499
2021	20,843
2020	19,215
2019	18,821
2018	17,807
2017	16,758
2016	15,773
2015	14,857
2014	13,969
2013	13,081
2012	12,218
2011	11,405
2010	10,476
2009	9,519
2008	8,744
2007	8,014
2006	7,057
2005	6,298
2004	5,684
2003	5,192
2002	4,744
2001	4,372
2000	4,066

opportunity2022

Income inequality

36 Gini index 0–100

North star

Fair opportunity and less harmful inequality

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Distribution of income or consumption within a country.

Source, limitations & data

Income and consumption surveys are not interchangeable; sparse survey years are shown honestly.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SI.POV.GINI ↗

Income inequality observations for China
Year	Gini index 0–100
2022	36
2021	35.7
2020	37.1
2019	38.2
2018	38.5
2017	39.1
2016	38.5
2015	38.6
2014	39.2
2013	39.7
2012	42.2
2011	42.4
2010	43.7
2008	43
2005	40.9
2002	42

opportunity2010

Primary-school completion

103.5 % of relevant age group

Historical evidence · 2010. No recent observation is available in this snapshot.

North star

Every child completes quality primary education

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Completion rate for primary education.

Source, limitations & data

Gross enrollment-based ratios can exceed 100%; completion does not directly measure learning.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SE.PRM.CMPT.ZS ↗

Primary-school completion observations for China
Year	% of relevant age group
2010	103.5
2009	104.3
2008	103.6
2007	95.4
2006	91.7

opportunity2020

Adult literacy

96.7 % adults 15+

North star

Literacy for every adult

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Adults who can read and write a short simple statement about everyday life.

Source, limitations & data

Sparse census or survey observations; national definitions and self-report can vary.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SE.ADT.LITR.ZS ↗

Adult literacy observations for China
Year	% adults 15+
2020	96.7
2010	95.1
2000	90.9

opportunity2025

Internet use

91.6 % of population

North star

Meaningful digital access for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using the internet.

Source, limitations & data

Access does not establish affordability, safety, speed or digital literacy.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · IT.NET.USER.ZS ↗

Internet use observations for China
Year	% of population
2025	91.6
2024	92
2023	90.6
2022	75.6
2021	73.1
2020	70.1
2019	64.1
2018	65.4
2017	54.3
2016	53.2
2015	50.3
2014	47.9
2013	45.8
2012	42.3
2011	38.3
2010	34.3
2009	28.9
2008	22.6
2007	16
2006	10.5
2005	8.5
2004	7.3
2003	6.2
2002	4.6
2001	2.6
2000	1.8

opportunityDATA GAP

Birth registration

— % children under 5

○

No comparable national observation was found in the checked source feeds. Missing data is not zero.

North star

Every child counted and legally recognized

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five whose births have been registered with a civil authority.

Source, limitations & data

Survey or administrative coverage may differ; registration does not establish complete vital statistics.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.REG.BRTH.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Birth registration observations for China
Year	% children under 5

A starting agenda for China

Turn the goals
into work.

This is a public-health agenda to adapt with local communities and professionals. Completion alone does not establish a quantified effect.

Prevent avoidable deaths

Protect life at every stage.

Expand timely, respectful maternal and newborn care.
Close gaps in routine vaccination and disease prevention.
Strengthen suicide prevention, mental-health care, and follow-up.
Reduce road injuries, violence, and avoidable chronic-disease deaths.

WHO suicide-prevention evidence ↗

Reduce health loss

Make effective care reachable.

Improve access to primary care and essential medicines.
Detect and treat disease earlier.
Provide rehabilitation, pain relief, and disability support.
Protect households from harmful health-care costs.

WHO universal health coverage ↗

Build healthy conditions

Support the foundations of life.

Deliver safe water, sanitation, hygiene, and clean cooking.
Reduce harmful air pollution and child malnutrition.
Expand quality education, decent work, and social protection.
Publish results and identify who is still being left behind.

International development goals ↗

Keep exploring

OUR GREAT WORKIS NOT OVER.

ChinaCHNA healthier future.

More life.Less suffering.

The trends.The north stars.

Life expectancy

Healthy life expectancy

Under-five mortality

Infant mortality

Neonatal mortality

Maternal mortality

Suicide mortality

Road-traffic mortality

Intentional homicide

Premature chronic-disease mortality

Healthy life-years lost

Life-years lost to premature death

Years of nonfatal health loss

All-cause deaths

Suicide deaths

Depressive-disorder health loss

Anxiety-disorder health loss

Alcohol-disorder health loss

Drug-disorder health loss

Tuberculosis incidence

New HIV infections

Malaria incidence

Diabetes prevalence

Tobacco use

Alcohol consumption

Child stunting

Child wasting

Undernourishment

Essential health-service coverage

DTP immunization

Measles immunization

Skilled birth attendance

Adolescent birth rate

Current health expenditure

Out-of-pocket health costs

Physician availability

Nurses & midwives

Safely managed drinking water

Safely managed sanitation

Handwashing facilities

Fine-particle air pollution

Clean cooking access

Electricity access

Extreme poverty

Unemployment

Employment-to-population ratio

Income per person

Income inequality

Primary-school completion

Adult literacy

Internet use

Birth registration

Turn the goalsinto work.

Protect life at every stage.

Make effective care reachable.

Support the foundations of life.

More country perspectives.

OUR GREAT WORK
IS NOT OVER.

More life.
Less suffering.

The trends.
The north stars.

Turn the goals
into work.