UNIFIED
NATIONS

Every life matters. The work is urgent.

OUR GREAT WORK
IS NOT OVER.

Zero suicide. Zero needless suffering. Zero poverty.
Every country still has work to do.

Find the work we can do now ↓
Next death · average-rate clock06:48.53minutes:seconds remaining in this repeating cycle

One death every 408.53 seconds on average.

EVERY LIFE COUNTSAverage-rate illustration
Not a live report
Next suicide · average-rate clock9:20:37.14hours:minutes:seconds remaining in this repeating cycle

One death every 33,637.14 seconds on average.

EVERY LIFE COUNTSAverage-rate illustration
Not a live report
Published average intervals; enable JavaScript for repeating countdowns.

Rwanda · WHO 2023 · 1/1 countries. Annual totals ÷ seconds in the source year set the rate. These are illustrative averages, not real-time death reports or predictions. The death clock includes all causes, including deaths that cannot currently be prevented. Sources & calculation ↗

World dashboard / Rwanda

Sub-Saharan Africa · UN member

RwandaRWAA healthier future.

Rwanda’s health dashboard connects the latest available evidence with a shared horizon: zero suicide, zero needless suffering, zero poverty, and longer healthy lives.

North-star health score · v20.6 / 100

10/12 core measures · 2020–2024

Life expectancy68

Years · 2024

Healthy life expectancy60

Years · 2023

Indicator coverage50 / 52

Dated numerical series · 0 source-context notes.

Inspect Rwanda’s score components

Version 2 is a deliberately demanding editorial measure of distance to the north stars, not an official WHO/UN index or the percentage of people who are healthy. Strong services cannot cancel out ongoing suicide, health loss, or extreme poverty. At least 9 of 12 core measures and all three recent zero-harm inputs are required. Missing inputs suppress the final score, rather than implying success. Health loss is a proxy broader than avoidable suffering; the $3.00/day measure covers extreme poverty, not every form of deprivation. Lower scores under this new method are a recalibration, not evidence of deterioration.

MeasureYearValueFoundation component score
Life expectancy20246845
Under-five mortality202437.762.3
Maternal mortality202322954.2
Suicide mortality20218.765.3
Premature chronic-disease mortality20212042.9
Tuberculosis incidence20246287.6
Child stunting202033.133.8
Essential health-service coverage20235959
DTP immunization20249898
Fine-particle air pollution20233643.6
Zero suicide

6.72 deaths per 100,000 people · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.427
Zero needless suffering

0.346 DALYs per person; health-loss proxy · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.224
Zero poverty

38.6 % below $3.00/day (2021 PPP); extreme-poverty proxy · 2023

Score multiplier ×0.115

A deliberately demanding measure of distance to the goals. Version 2 changes the method, not the underlying observations. Health loss is not all needless suffering; the poverty input measures extreme poverty. See the formula and limits ↗

Explore 52 indicators ↓The action agenda ↗

The human stakes

More life.
Less suffering.

Choose a reduction in the measured annual burden. This is a transparent scenario, not a forecast that completing a checklist will deliver it.

0%50%100% theoretical ceiling
Annual deaths avoided19.3K

Of 77.2K deaths in the covered population.

Years of life restored870.6K

Years lost to premature mortality (YLL).

Health loss diminished334.9K

Disability-weighted years (YLD), a health-loss measure.

Healthy life-years reclaimed1.2M

YLL + YLD = DALYs. 15.1K equivalent 80-year healthy lifetimes.

Rwanda · 2023

WHO modeled all-cause estimates; same release and reference year. These four measures overlap and must not be added. DALYs quantify health loss, not every form of suffering. An equivalent lifetime is a unit conversion, not a person saved. All-cause deaths include deaths that cannot currently be prevented; 100% is an arithmetic ceiling.

See the calculation and its limits ↗

Rwanda · the evidence

The trends.
The north stars.

Mint traces measured observations. Gold marks numerical goals. Lines connect available observations, which can be years apart. Non-numerical goals are explained in each card. Historical figures, model caveats and source-backed status notes stay visible. A gap is an invitation to improve measurement.

52 indicators

outcomes2024

Life expectancy

68 years
95.542.3GOAL 9020002024
North star

90 years of life, with health and dignity

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Expected lifespan at birth under the year’s mortality patterns.

Source, limitations & data

Period measure, not a prediction for an individual. National averages conceal inequalities.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.DYN.LE00.IN ↗

Life expectancy observations for Rwanda
Yearyears
202468
202367.8
202267.5
202166.9
202067
201966.7
201866.4
201766.1
201665.7
201565.4
201465.1
201364.7
201264.2
201163.5
201062.8
200961.8
200860.6
200759.5
200658.3
200557
200455.5
200353.5
200251.3
200149.5
200047.8
burden2023

Healthy life expectancy

60 years
8536.2GOAL 8020002023
North star

80 years lived in full health

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Expected years lived in full health at birth under current mortality and morbidity patterns.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled HALE estimates incorporate severity weights. This is not a measure of happiness or all suffering.

World Health Organization · WHOSIS_000002 ↗

Healthy life expectancy observations for Rwanda
Yearyears
202360
202259.2
202158.6
202059.4
201959.4
201859.2
201759
201658.7
201558.5
201458.2
201357.8
201257.2
201156.7
201055.9
200955
200854
200752.9
200651.5
200549.8
200447.9
200346
200244.3
200142.4
200041.2
outcomes2024

Under-five mortality

37.7 per 1,000 live births
208.10GOAL 020002024
North star

Zero preventable child deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030: at most 25 per 1,000 · Interim target ↗

Probability of dying before age five, per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled UN inter-agency estimate. Infant and neonatal deaths are included; never add these counts.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.MORT ↗

Under-five mortality observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 live births
202437.7
202338.8
202239.7
202140.6
202041.6
201942.7
201843.7
201744.7
201645.8
201547.3
201449.2
201351.4
201254.2
201158.1
201063.3
200969.1
200876
200784.1
200693.4
2005104.5
2004117.5
2003132.7
2002149.1
2001166.5
2000184.2
outcomes2024

Infant mortality

29.4 per 1,000 live births
122.20GOAL 020002024
North star

Zero preventable infant deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Probability of dying before age one, per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

A subset of under-five mortality; not additive with child or neonatal deaths.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.DYN.IMRT.IN ↗

Infant mortality observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 live births
202429.4
202330.1
202230.5
202130.9
202031.3
201931.7
201832.2
201732.7
201633.2
201533.9
201434.7
201335.9
201237.4
201139.3
201042.6
200945.7
200849.1
200753.2
200658.1
200564
200471.1
200379.5
200288.7
200198.4
2000108.1
outcomes2024

Neonatal mortality

17.4 per 1,000 live births
48.70GOAL 020002024
North star

Zero preventable newborn deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030: at most 12 per 1,000 · Interim target ↗

Deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

A subset of infant and under-five mortality; these are overlapping categories.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.NMRT ↗

Neonatal mortality observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 live births
202417.4
202317.6
202217.9
202118.2
202018.4
201918.7
201819
201719.2
201619.6
201519.9
201420.3
201320.9
201221.6
201122.3
201023.3
200924.3
200825.5
200726.8
200628.4
200530.2
200432.4
200334.8
200237.4
200140.3
200043.1
outcomes2023

Maternal mortality

229 per 100,000 live births
1K0GOAL 020002023
North star

Zero preventable maternal deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

SDG 2030 global ratio: below 70 · Interim target ↗

Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled estimate with uncertainty. The denominator is births, not total population.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.MMRT ↗

Maternal mortality observations for Rwanda
Yearper 100,000 live births
2023229
2022234
2021254
2020252
2019261
2018269
2017275
2016278
2015292
2014301
2013317
2012331
2011358
2010393
2009418
2008454
2007494
2006494
2005465
2004460
2003551
2002677
2001769
2000885
outcomes2021

Suicide mortality

8.7 per 100,000 people
15.20GOAL 020002021
North star

Zero suicide deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated suicide deaths in a year per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled crude rate, not age-standardized. Reporting and classification differ; lower reported rates can reflect undercounting.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.SUIC.P5 ↗

Suicide mortality observations for Rwanda
Yearper 100,000 people
20218.7
20207.9
20198.3
20188.1
20178.1
20167.9
20157.8
20147.8
20137.6
20127.6
20117.6
20107.6
20097.7
20087.9
20078
20067.9
20058.2
20048.6
20039.8
200211
200112
200013.5
outcomes2019

Road-traffic mortality

29.4 per 100,000 people
42.90GOAL 020002019
North star

Zero deaths and serious injuries on the roads

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated annual deaths from road-traffic injuries per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Population-based WHO rate, not deaths per distance travelled.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.TRAF.P5 ↗

Road-traffic mortality observations for Rwanda
Yearper 100,000 people
201929.4
201829.9
201730.4
201630.3
201530.2
201429.9
201332.4
201234.2
201134
201034
200934.1
200833.6
200734.7
200635.5
200537
200436.7
200336.9
200237.2
200136.4
200038
outcomes2020

Intentional homicide

3.6 per 100,000 people
4.40GOAL 020062020
North star

Zero intentional homicides

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 people.

Source, limitations & data

UNODC-based estimates. Reporting and conflict-death definitions vary.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · VC.IHR.PSRC.P5 ↗

Intentional homicide observations for Rwanda
Yearper 100,000 people
20203.6
20193.2
20182.3
20173.9
20163.3
20152.5
20143.8
20133.2
20122.4
20102.8
20081.5
20072.8
20063.4
outcomes2021

Premature chronic-disease mortality

20 % probability ages 30–70
42.50GOAL 020002021
North star

End avoidable premature deaths from major chronic diseases

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Probability of dying between ages 30 and 70 from cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease.

Source, limitations & data

Not a death rate or all chronic diseases. Cannot multiply by population to produce annual deaths.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.DYN.NCOM.ZS ↗

Premature chronic-disease mortality observations for Rwanda
Year% probability ages 30–70
202120
202020.2
201920.4
201820.4
201720.5
201620.5
201520.6
201420.6
201320.6
201220.8
201120.9
201021.2
200921.6
200822.3
200723
200623.9
200525.1
200426.9
200329.1
200231.8
200134.7
200037.6
burden2023

Healthy life-years lost

4,821,985 healthy life-years
10.8M0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

DALYs combine years lost to premature mortality and severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss.

Source, limitations & data

DALY = YLL + YLD. A burden baseline, not proof that all loss can be avoided; not an estimate of all human suffering.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Healthy life-years lost observations for Rwanda
Yearhealthy life-years
20234,821,985
20224,917,403
20214,978,529
20204,722,455
20194,728,640
20154,629,200
20105,036,635
20009,567,355
burden2023

Life-years lost to premature death

3,482,383 life-years
9.8M0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO years of life lost (YLL) relative to its reference life table.

Source, limitations & data

Different from number of people dying; one death can account for many life-years.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Life-years lost to premature death observations for Rwanda
Yearlife-years
20233,482,383
20223,593,772
20213,682,700
20203,493,952
20193,553,208
20153,543,361
20104,046,101
20008,686,388
burden2023

Years of nonfatal health loss

1,339,602 healthy life-years
1.5M0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Severity-weighted years lived with disease or disability (YLD), adjusted for comorbidity by the source.

Source, limitations & data

A health-loss proxy, not a valuation of people with disabilities or a direct measure of distress, poverty, or all suffering.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Years of nonfatal health loss observations for Rwanda
Yearhealthy life-years
20231,339,602
20221,323,631
20211,295,829
20201,228,503
20191,175,432
20151,085,839
2010990,534
2000880,967
outcomes2023

All-cause deaths

77,195 deaths
131.6K59.9K20002023
North star

Prevent avoidable deaths and extend healthy life

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

WHO estimated all-cause deaths in the reference year.

Source, limitations & data

Deaths are a baseline; no programme can be assumed to eliminate all mortality.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

All-cause deaths observations for Rwanda
Yeardeaths
202377,195
202279,091
202180,971
202075,067
201972,327
201567,343
201069,228
2000124,231
outcomes2023

Suicide deaths

938 deaths
1.1K0GOAL 020002023
North star

Zero suicide deaths

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO estimated deaths from intentional self-harm, both sexes and all ages.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled cause-specific estimate; reporting and classification can undercount suicide. Included in all-cause deaths; never add it again.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Suicide deaths observations for Rwanda
Yeardeaths
2023938
2022933
2021943
2020943
2019921
2015863
2010761
2000831
burden2023

Depressive-disorder health loss

80,155 healthy life-years
90.6K0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from depressive disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not case counts or direct distress. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Depressive-disorder health loss observations for Rwanda
Yearhealthy life-years
202380,155
202278,598
202180,191
202073,086
201960,891
201552,066
201046,018
200036,155
burden2023

Anxiety-disorder health loss

96,724 healthy life-years
109.3K0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from anxiety disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not case counts. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Anxiety-disorder health loss observations for Rwanda
Yearhealthy life-years
202396,724
202279,311
202175,492
202067,574
201951,506
201536,868
201027,860
200021,563
burden2023

Alcohol-disorder health loss

30,316 healthy life-years
34.3K0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from alcohol use disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD. Alcohol-related injuries and other disease burdens sit in other categories; included in total YLD.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Alcohol-disorder health loss observations for Rwanda
Yearhealthy life-years
202330,316
202229,579
202128,664
202027,954
201927,636
201528,169
201023,735
200015,272
burden2023

Drug-disorder health loss

5,085 healthy life-years
5.7K0GOAL 020002023
North star

Minimize avoidable health loss; zero is an aspirational horizon

Unified Nations aspirational north star

WHO severity-weighted years of nonfatal health loss from drug use disorders.

Source, limitations & data

Modeled YLD, not overdose deaths. Included in total YLD; do not add to the all-cause total.

World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates 2023 (2026 release) · GHE 2023 ↗

Drug-disorder health loss observations for Rwanda
Yearhealthy life-years
20235,085
20224,974
20214,782
20204,646
20194,547
20154,109
20103,619
20002,590
disease2024

Tuberculosis incidence

62 per 100,000 people
268.90GOAL 020002024
North star

End tuberculosis

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated new and relapsed tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled incidence includes uncertainty; not the number of reported diagnoses.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.TBS.INCD ↗

Tuberculosis incidence observations for Rwanda
Yearper 100,000 people
202462
202362
202262
202163
202063
201963
201864
201765
201665
201566
201468
201370
201272
201176
201082
200990
200899
2007110
2006123
2005138
2004155
2003173
2002193
2001215
2000238
disease2024

New HIV infections

0.29 per 1,000 uninfected ages 15–49
5.30GOAL 020002024
North star

Zero new HIV infections

Unified Nations aspirational north star

New HIV infections among uninfected adults ages 15–49.

Source, limitations & data

Denominator is uninfected adults in this age group, not the whole population.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.HIV.INCD.ZS ↗

New HIV infections observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 uninfected ages 15–49
20240.3
20230.3
20220.4
20210.4
20200.4
20190.5
20180.6
20170.7
20160.9
20151
20141.2
20131.4
20121.5
20111.6
20101.8
20091.8
20082.1
20072.2
20062.5
20052.7
20043
20033
20023.7
20014.4
20004.7
disease2024

Malaria incidence

77.1 per 1,000 at risk
803.90GOAL 020002024
North star

End malaria

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Estimated new malaria cases per 1,000 people at risk.

Source, limitations & data

At-risk population differs from total population. No observation is not zero or proof of elimination.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MLR.INCD.P3 ↗

Malaria incidence observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 at risk
202477.1
202353.6
202285.6
2021118.7
2020213.1
2019385.4
2018477.6
2017711.4
2016410.1
2015308
2014202.3
2013109.5
201259.7
201136.9
2010104.7
2009153.7
200869.7
200788
2006150.1
2005152.1
2004122.3
2003139.2
2002157
2001171.3
2000180.4
disease2024

Diabetes prevalence

2.1 % ages 20–79
3.2220112024
North star

Prevent avoidable diabetes and support everyone living with it

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Share of adults ages 20–79 living with diabetes.

Source, limitations & data

A modeled prevalence estimate; diagnosis, treatment, and control matter alongside prevention.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.DIAB.ZS ↗

Diabetes prevalence observations for Rwanda
Year% ages 20–79
20242.1
20113.1
disease2024

Tobacco use

10.1 % adults 15+
47.70GOAL 020002024
North star

A tobacco-free future

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use in adults.

Source, limitations & data

Includes smoked and smokeless tobacco as defined by the source; a modeled estimate.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.PRV.SMOK ↗

Tobacco use observations for Rwanda
Year% adults 15+
202410.1
202310.8
202211.6
202013.3
201518.5
201025
200729.7
200533
200042.2
disease2020

Alcohol consumption

2.9 litres pure alcohol per adult 15+
3.1120002020
North star

Minimize alcohol-related harm

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Annual total alcohol consumption per person age 15+.

Source, limitations & data

WHO modeled/projected estimate includes recorded and estimated unrecorded consumption, adjusted for tourism; not a measure of distribution or dependence.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.ALC.PCAP.LI ↗

Alcohol consumption observations for Rwanda
Yearlitres pure alcohol per adult 15+
20202.9
20191.9
20181.9
20171.3
20161.4
20151.4
20141.4
20131.3
20121.3
20111.3
20101.3
20091.3
20081.3
20071.3
20061.4
20051.4
20041.4
20031.4
20021.4
20011.4
20001.4
disease2020

Child stunting

33.1 % children under 5
58.10GOAL 020002020
North star

Zero child stunting

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five with low height for age relative to the WHO growth standard.

Source, limitations & data

Survey and modeled series vary; reflects cumulative deprivation, not every cause of poor nutrition.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.STNT.ZS ↗

Child stunting observations for Rwanda
Year% children under 5
202033.1
201834.8
201538.3
201243.8
201044.3
200946.6
200551.4
200047.9
disease2020

Child wasting

1.1 % children under 5
9.80GOAL 020002020
North star

Zero child wasting

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five with low weight for height relative to the WHO growth standard.

Source, limitations & data

Sparse household surveys; a national observation can miss local or seasonal emergencies.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.WAST.ZS ↗

Child wasting observations for Rwanda
Year% children under 5
20201.1
20182.1
20152.3
20123.1
20102.9
20095.1
20054.9
20008.7
disease2023

Undernourishment

24.4 % of population
42.50GOAL 020012023
North star

Zero hunger

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of people with insufficient dietary energy intake.

Source, limitations & data

FAO modeled estimate; values below 2.5% may be censored in source presentation.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS ↗

Undernourishment observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
202324.4
202226.6
202131
202034.7
201935.6
201832.7
201731.9
201633.7
201535.8
201437.1
201335.7
201235.5
201135.3
201035.7
200936
200836.5
200736.5
200636.6
200536.7
200436
200333.6
200234.3
200137.6
care2023

Essential health-service coverage

59 index 0–100
110.77.3GOAL 10020002023
North star

Universal access to essential health services

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Universal health coverage service coverage index across essential health services.

Source, limitations & data

A tracer-service index, not a claim that every person receives care or financial protection.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH_UHC_SCI ↗

Essential health-service coverage observations for Rwanda
Yearindex 0–100
202359
202258
202155
202056
201955
201857
201756
201652
201550
201451
201350
201247
201145
201044
200938
200836
200736
200631
200522
200420
200321
200221
200119
200018
care2024

DTP immunization

98 % children ages 12–23 months
10374GOAL 10020002024
North star

Every child protected by routine vaccination

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of children ages 12–23 months receiving three doses of DTP vaccine.

Source, limitations & data

Coverage does not measure every vaccine, timeliness, or equitable access.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.IMM.IDPT ↗

DTP immunization observations for Rwanda
Year% children ages 12–23 months
202498
202394
202298
202188
202091
201998
201897
201798
201698
201598
201498
201398
201298
201197
201097
200997
200897
200797
200699
200595
200489
200396
200288
200177
200090
care2024

Measles immunization

97 % children ages 12–23 months
10465GOAL 10020002024
North star

Every child protected against measles

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of children ages 12–23 months receiving a measles vaccine.

Source, limitations & data

One vaccine-dose indicator, not proof of community immunity or complete schedules.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.IMM.MEAS ↗

Measles immunization observations for Rwanda
Year% children ages 12–23 months
202497
202396
202299
202187
202094
201996
201899
201797
201695
201596
201497
201395
201297
201195
201095
200995
200892
200794
200695
200589
200484
200390
200269
200169
200074
care2020

Skilled birth attendance

94.2 % of births
108.922.4GOAL 10020002020
North star

Every birth supported by skilled, respectful care

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Births attended by skilled health personnel.

Source, limitations & data

Presence of a skilled attendant does not establish quality, emergency access, or respectful care.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.BRTC.ZS ↗

Skilled birth attendance observations for Rwanda
Year% of births
202094.2
201590.7
201169
201069
200852.1
200538.6
200031.3
care2024

Adolescent birth rate

30.6 births per 1,000 women ages 15–19
49.428.420002024
North star

Prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy and support young parents

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Births per 1,000 women ages 15–19.

Source, limitations & data

Births alone do not establish intention or agency; reproductive choice and access to care matter.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.ADO.TFRT ↗

Adolescent birth rate observations for Rwanda
Yearbirths per 1,000 women ages 15–19
202430.6
202330.8
202231.1
202131.2
202031.5
201932
201832.5
201734.3
201636.6
201538.6
201439.8
201340.8
201240.7
201141.6
201042.1
200941.1
200840.6
200739.2
200639.1
200540.3
200441
200341.4
200242.6
200145.7
200047.2
care2023

Current health expenditure

5.1 % of GDP
8.72.520002023
North star

Affordable, effective care with fair financial protection

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Current health expenditure as a share of GDP.

Source, limitations & data

More spending is not automatically better outcomes; excludes capital expenditure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS ↗

Current health expenditure observations for Rwanda
Year% of GDP
20235.1
20225.9
20216.2
20205.8
20194.9
20185.5
20175.4
20166
20156.7
20147
20136.8
20128.1
20117.9
20108.1
20097.8
20087.6
20077.9
20067.6
20057.7
20047.5
20036.9
20023.1
20013.3
20003.6
care2023

Out-of-pocket health costs

4.1 % of health expenditure
31.60.93320002023
North star

No one pushed into hardship by the cost of care

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Out-of-pocket spending as a share of current health expenditure.

Source, limitations & data

Not the share of household income spent on health, and not a direct catastrophic-spending measure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.XPD.OOPC.CH.ZS ↗

Out-of-pocket health costs observations for Rwanda
Year% of health expenditure
20234.1
20224.2
20215
20207.2
201910.1
201811.5
201714
201613.2
201512.2
201412.1
201312.3
201210.2
201110.8
201011.1
200911.4
200811.8
200712.5
200614.3
200523.8
200421.2
200317.1
200228.5
200127.7
200026.6
care2022

Physician availability

0.1 per 1,000 people
0.151020022022
North star

Timely access to qualified health professionals

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Number of physicians per 1,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Counts can combine practicing or registered staff depending on country; distribution and quality matter.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MED.PHYS.ZS ↗

Physician availability observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 people
20220.1
20210.1
20200.1
20190.1
20180.1
20170.1
20160.1
20150.1
20140.1
20130.1
2011<0.1
20100.1
20090.1
20080.1
2005<0.1
2004<0.1
2002<0.1
care2022

Nurses & midwives

1.1 per 1,000 people
1.30.31320042022
North star

Adequate nursing and midwifery care everywhere

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Nursing and midwifery personnel per 1,000 population.

Source, limitations & data

Country reporting and occupational coverage differ; national density conceals shortages.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.MED.NUMW.P3 ↗

Nurses & midwives observations for Rwanda
Yearper 1,000 people
20221.1
20211
20200.9
20190.9
20181.2
20161
20151
20140.9
20110.6
20090.7
20080.7
20050.4
20040.4
environmentDATA GAP

Safely managed drinking water

— % of population
○

No national estimate meeting this definition was found. Basic access, urban-only and rural-only coverage are separate measures.

North star

Safe drinking water for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using drinking water that is on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination.

Source, limitations & data

WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Missing safely managed data must not be substituted silently with basic access.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Safely managed drinking water observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
environmentDATA GAP

Safely managed sanitation

— % of population
○

No national estimate meeting this definition was found. Basic access, urban-only and rural-only coverage are separate measures.

North star

Safe sanitation for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using improved, unshared sanitation with safe disposal or treatment of excreta.

Source, limitations & data

WHO/UNICEF JMP estimate. Basic sanitation is a separate, less stringent measure.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.SMSS.ZS ↗

Coverage reviewed 2026-10-06. See the source audit and remaining gaps ↗

Safely managed sanitation observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
environment2024

Handwashing facilities

18.5 % of population
1130GOAL 10020002024
North star

Soap, water, and hygiene access for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People with a handwashing facility with soap and water at home.

Source, limitations & data

Limited survey coverage; presence does not establish consistent use.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SH.STA.HYGN.ZS ↗

Handwashing facilities observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
202418.5
202318.4
202218.4
202118.4
202017.4
201916.4
201815.4
201714.4
201613.4
201512.4
201411.4
201310.4
20129.5
20118.5
20107.5
20096.5
20085.5
20074.5
20063.6
20052.6
20041.6
20031.2
20020.8
20010.2
20000
environment2023

Fine-particle air pollution

36 µg/m³
45.20.371GOAL 520002023
North star

WHO guideline: annual PM2.5 at most 5 µg/m³

WHO air-quality guideline · Target source ↗

Population-weighted annual mean exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5).

Source, limitations & data

Modeled national exposure. Local hotspots and personal exposure differ.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 ↗

Fine-particle air pollution observations for Rwanda
Yearµg/m³
202336
202236.1
202137.1
202038.4
201940.2
201832.2
201732.9
201638.9
201539.1
201436.5
201340.6
201240.3
201140.3
201040
200936.3
200839.8
200738.7
200637.8
200537.5
200438.9
200336.9
200236.1
200138.5
200038.1
environment2023

Clean cooking access

9.3 % of population
1130GOAL 10020002023
North star

Clean cooking without harmful household smoke

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking.

Source, limitations & data

Primary reliance as defined by WHO; access does not guarantee affordability or exclusive use.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS ↗

Clean cooking access observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
20239.3
20227.3
20215.7
20204.3
20193.3
20182.4
20171.7
20161.3
20151
20140.8
20130.6
20120.5
20110.4
20100.3
20090.2
20080.2
20070.2
20060.2
20050.2
20040.1
20030.1
20020.1
20010.1
20000.1
environment2024

Electricity access

72 % of population
112.40GOAL 10020002024
North star

Reliable, affordable electricity for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Share of people with access to electricity.

Source, limitations & data

Connection alone does not measure reliability, affordability or clean generation.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS ↗

Electricity access observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
202472
202363.9
202250.6
202148.7
202045.2
201946.6
201838
201734.1
201629.4
201522.8
201419.8
201315.2
201217.5
201110.8
20109.7
200915.6
20086
200712.8
200611.4
20054.8
20048.7
20037.4
20026
20014.7
20006.2
opportunity2023

Extreme poverty

38.6 % of population
930GOAL 020002023
North star

Zero extreme poverty

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing-power-parity prices.

Source, limitations & data

Survey-based; line and PPP base change across releases. The source metadata gives the exact current definition.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SI.POV.DDAY ↗

Extreme poverty observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
202338.6
201663.8
201365.2
201070.2
200574.2
200082.3
opportunity2025

Unemployment

11.4 % of labor force
16.410.120002025
North star

Decent work for everyone who wants it

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

People without work who are available and seeking work; ILO modeled estimate.

Source, limitations & data

Excludes people outside the labor force and does not establish job quality.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS ↗

Unemployment observations for Rwanda
Year% of labor force
202511.4
202411.3
202312.4
202215.1
202115.8
202011.8
201911.2
201810.8
201711.9
201611.8
201511.8
201411.8
201311.8
201211.7
201111.8
201011.6
200911.6
200811.5
200711.6
200611.6
200511.8
200411.7
200311.7
200211.4
200111.7
200011.7
opportunity2025

Employment-to-population ratio

56.4 % ages 15+
57.448.120002025
North star

Dignified, fairly paid work and genuine choice

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Share of people age 15+ who are employed; ILO modeled estimate.

Source, limitations & data

Age structure, education and unpaid care affect the rate. 100% employment is not an appropriate universal goal.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.ZS ↗

Employment-to-population ratio observations for Rwanda
Year% ages 15+
202556.4
202456.3
202355.8
202251.1
202149
202055.2
201951.9
201853.9
201753.3
201653.4
201553.5
201453.5
201353.6
201253.8
201153.8
201053.9
200954
200854.1
200754
200654.1
200553.9
200454.1
200354.2
200254.5
200154.5
200054.9
opportunity2025

Income per person

3,559 international dollars, constant 2021 PPP
3.9K729.920002025
North star

Shared prosperity within ecological limits

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

GDP per person adjusted for purchasing power and inflation.

Source, limitations & data

Not household income, wealth or wellbeing; the current PPP base is specified in source metadata.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.KD ↗

Income per person observations for Rwanda
Yearinternational dollars, constant 2021 PPP
20253,559
20243,325
20233,168
20222,983
20212,776
20202,618
20192,754
20182,578
20172,441
20162,387
20152,313
20142,176
20132,110
20122,064
20111,946
20101,847
20091,765
20081,704
20071,574
20061,502
20051,412
20041,326
20031,267
20021,267
20011,135
20001,055
opportunity2023

Income inequality

39.4 Gini index 0–100
53.637.820002023
North star

Fair opportunity and less harmful inequality

Contextual north star; no universal numerical optimum

Distribution of income or consumption within a country.

Source, limitations & data

Income and consumption surveys are not interchangeable; sparse survey years are shown honestly.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SI.POV.GINI ↗

Income inequality observations for Rwanda
YearGini index 0–100
202339.4
201643.7
201345.1
201047.2
200552
200048.5
opportunity2024

Primary-school completion

66.8 % of relevant age group
109.913.9GOAL 10020002024
North star

Every child completes quality primary education

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Completion rate for primary education.

Source, limitations & data

Gross enrollment-based ratios can exceed 100%; completion does not directly measure learning.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SE.PRM.CMPT.ZS ↗

Primary-school completion observations for Rwanda
Year% of relevant age group
202466.8
202359.3
202195.4
201996
201884.2
201776.1
201667.7
201563.2
201464.3
201358.8
201274.8
201075.9
200972.6
200853.1
200441.8
200343
200231.8
200126.5
200023.8
opportunity2022

Adult literacy

78.8 % adults 15+
104.660.3GOAL 10020002022
North star

Literacy for every adult

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Adults who can read and write a short simple statement about everyday life.

Source, limitations & data

Sparse census or survey observations; national definitions and self-report can vary.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SE.ADT.LITR.ZS ↗

Adult literacy observations for Rwanda
Year% adults 15+
202278.8
202080.1
201873.2
201470.8
201268.3
200064.9
opportunity2024

Internet use

31.7 % of population
1130GOAL 10020002024
North star

Meaningful digital access for everyone

Unified Nations aspirational north star

People using the internet.

Source, limitations & data

Access does not establish affordability, safety, speed or digital literacy.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · IT.NET.USER.ZS ↗

Internet use observations for Rwanda
Year% of population
202431.7
202328.8
202228
202124.4
202023.8
201921.4
201819.2
201717.2
201614.6
201512.5
201410.6
20139
20128
20117
20108
20097.7
20084.5
20072.1
20050.6
20040.4
20030.4
20020.3
20010.2
20000.1
opportunity2020

Birth registration

85.6 % children under 5
105.750.3GOAL 10020052020
North star

Every child counted and legally recognized

Unified Nations aspirational north star

Children under five whose births have been registered with a civil authority.

Source, limitations & data

Survey or administrative coverage may differ; registration does not establish complete vital statistics.

World Bank World Development Indicators; original producers named in source metadata · SP.REG.BRTH.ZS ↗

Birth registration observations for Rwanda
Year% children under 5
202085.6
201556
201063.2
200582.4

A starting agenda for Rwanda

Turn the goals
into work.

This is a public-health agenda to adapt with local communities and professionals. Completion alone does not establish a quantified effect.

Prevent avoidable deaths

Protect life at every stage.

  • Expand timely, respectful maternal and newborn care.
  • Close gaps in routine vaccination and disease prevention.
  • Strengthen suicide prevention, mental-health care, and follow-up.
  • Reduce road injuries, violence, and avoidable chronic-disease deaths.
WHO suicide-prevention evidence ↗
Reduce health loss

Make effective care reachable.

  • Improve access to primary care and essential medicines.
  • Detect and treat disease earlier.
  • Provide rehabilitation, pain relief, and disability support.
  • Protect households from harmful health-care costs.
WHO universal health coverage ↗
Build healthy conditions

Support the foundations of life.

  • Deliver safe water, sanitation, hygiene, and clean cooking.
  • Reduce harmful air pollution and child malnutrition.
  • Expand quality education, decent work, and social protection.
  • Publish results and identify who is still being left behind.
International development goals ↗

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